Effects of masker duration in pure-tone forward masking

Kidd, Gerald; Feth, Lawrence L.

doi:10.1121/1.388443

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Aftereffects may occur for various low-level stimulus properties and in various sensory modalities as evidenced by previous research. Exposure to sounds was shown to induce temporary changes in the ability to discriminate intensities (Zeng et al, 1991;Zeng and Turner, 1992;Carlyon and Beveridge, 1993;Plack et al, 1995;Zeng and Shannon, 1995;Plack, 1996;Oberfeld, 2007Oberfeld, , 2008 or to detect target sounds in noise (Penner, 1974;Kidd and Feth, 1982;Viemeister and Bacon, 1982;Wright et al, 1993). Furthermore, amplitude-or frequency-modulations (AMs or FMs, respectively) of preceding sounds were found to temporarily increase detection thresholds for AMs or FMs of subsequent sounds (Kay and Matthews, 1972;Kay, 1973, 1974;Regan and Tansley, 1979;Tansley and Suffield, 1983;Moody et al, 1984;Viemeister, 2003, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The continuity illusion adapts to the auditory scene

et al. 2009

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The continuity illusion adapts to the auditory scene

et al. 2009

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“…Several authors have suggested that psychophysical forward masking is a direct consequence of this process (Duifhuis, 1973;Smith, 1977Smith, , 1979Jesteadt et al, 1982;Kidd and Feth, 1982), and it is common to describe a poststimulation reduction in neural activity as forward masking (Harris and Dallos, 1979;Shore, 1995;Brosch and Schreiner, 1997). However, a poststimulation reduction in neural activity does not necessarily imply masking.…”

Section: Forward Masking and Neural Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masking by Inaudible Sounds and the Linearity of Temporal Summation

Plack¹,

Oxenham

Drga³

2006

J. Neurosci.

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Many natural sounds, including speech and animal vocalizations, involve rapid sequences that vary in spectrum and amplitude. Each sound within a sequence has the potential to affect the audibility of subsequent sounds in a process known as forward masking. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying forward masking, particularly in more realistic situations in which multiple sounds follow each other in rapid succession. A parsimonious hypothesis is that the effects of consecutive sounds combine linearly, so that the total masking effect is a simple sum of the contributions from the individual maskers. The experiment reported here tests a counterintuitive prediction of this linear-summation hypothesis, namely that a sound that itself is inaudible should, under certain circumstances, affect the audibility of subsequent sounds. The results show that, when two forward maskers are combined, the second of the two maskers can continue to produce substantial masking, even when it is completely masked by the first masker. Thus, inaudible sounds can affect the perception of subsequent sounds. A model incorporating instantaneous compression (reflecting the nonlinear response of the basilar membrane in the cochlea), followed by linear summation of the effects of the maskers, provides a good account of the data. Despite the presence of multiple sources of nonlinearity in the auditory system, masking effects by sequential sounds combine in a manner that is well captured by a time-invariant linear system.

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“…Neural adaptation has also been proposed as a mechanism of forward masking (Kidd and Feth, 1982). Neural adaptation refers to the decrease in a nerve fiber's response to a steady-state stimulus over the course of stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for nonmonotonic precursor duration effects with gain reduction in the temporal window model

Roverud

Strickland

2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The mechanisms of forward masking are not clearly understood. The temporal window model (TWM) proposes that masking occurs via a neural mechanism that integrates within a temporal window. The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR), a sound-evoked reflex that reduces cochlear amplifier gain, may also contribute to forward masking if the preceding sound reduces gain for the signal. Psychophysical evidence of gain reduction can be observed using a growth of masking (GOM) paradigm with an off-frequency forward masker and a precursor. The basilar membrane input/output (I/O) function is estimated from the GOM function, and the I/O function gain is reduced by the precursor. In this study, the effect of precursor duration on this gain reduction effect was examined for on-and off-frequency precursors. With on-frequency precursors, thresholds increased with increasing precursor duration, then decreased (rolled over) for longer durations. Thresholds with off-frequency precursors continued to increase with increasing precursor duration. These results are not consistent with solely neural masking, but may reflect gain reduction that selectively affects on-frequency stimuli. The TWM was modified to include history-dependent gain reduction to simulate the MOCR, called the temporal window model-gain reduction (TWM-GR). The TWM-GR predicted rollover and the differences with on-and off-frequency precursors whereas the TWM did not.

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Effects of masker duration in pure-tone forward masking

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

The continuity illusion adapts to the auditory scene

The continuity illusion adapts to the auditory scene

Masking by Inaudible Sounds and the Linearity of Temporal Summation

Accounting for nonmonotonic precursor duration effects with gain reduction in the temporal window model

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