Effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism on amniotic fluid cells oxidative status

et al. 2019

American J Rep Immunol

Problem: Preterm birth is commonly preceded by preterm labor, a syndrome that is causally linked to both intra-amniotic infection and intra-amniotic inflammation.However, the stereotypical cellular immune responses in these two clinical conditions are poorly understood.Method of study: Amniotic fluid samples (n = 26) were collected from women diagnosed with preterm labor and intra-amniotic infection (amniotic fluid IL-6 concentrations ≥2.6 ng/mL and culturable microorganisms, n = 10) or intra-amniotic inflammation (amniotic fluid IL-6 concentrations ≥2.6 ng/mL without culturable microorganisms, n = 16). Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the phenotype and number of amniotic fluid leukocytes. Amniotic fluid concentrations of classical proinflammatory cytokines, type 1 and type 2 cytokines, and T-cell chemokines were determined using immunoassays.Results: Women with spontaneous preterm labor and intra-amniotic infection had (a) a greater number of total leukocytes, including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, in amniotic fluid; (b) a higher number of total T cells and CD4 + T cells, but not CD8 + T cells or B cells, in amniotic fluid; and (c) increased amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10, compared to those with intra-amniotic inflammation. However, no differences in amniotic fluid concentrations of T-cell cytokines and chemokines were observed between these two clinical conditions. K E Y W O R D S chorioamnionitis, fetal inflammatory response syndrome, funisitis, microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, placental inflammation, pregnancy | 3 of 15 GOMEZ-LOPEZ et al. | Placental histopathological examinationPlacentas were examined histologically by perinatal pathologists blinded to clinical diagnoses and obstetrical outcomes according to standardized Perinatology Research Branch protocols. 75,76 Briefly, three to nine sections of the placenta were examined, and at least one full-thickness section was taken from the center of the placenta; others were taken randomly from the placental disk. Acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta (maternal inflammatory response and fetal inflammatory response) were diagnosed according to established criteria, including staging and grading. 75,77 The proportions of patients whose placentas presented acute maternal and/or fetal inflammatory responses are displayed in Table 1. | Amniotic fluid sample collectionAmniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis under antiseptic conditions and monitored by ultrasound in order to detect intra-amniotic inflammation and/or infection in patients with preterm labor. Samples of amniotic fluid were transported to the laboratory in a sterile, capped syringe and immunophenotyping was performed immediately. The rest of the sample was centrifuged at 1300 g for 10 minutes at 4°C, and the supernatant was stored at −80°C until use. Also, an aliquot of amniotic fluid was transported to the clinical laboratory for culture of aerobic/anaerobic bacteria and genital mycoplasmas. The clinical tests also inc...

Section: Amniotic Fluid Neutrophils In Women With Preterm Labor and I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with preterm labor and intra‐amniotic infection or intra‐amniotic inflammation

Gomez‐Lopez

et al. 2019

American J Rep Immunol

“…The functions of amniotic fluid neutrophils have been evaluated using ex vivo assays showing that these cells are capable of performing phagocytosis of bacteria invading the amniotic cavity [28]. Neutrophils in the amniotic cavity also form NETs [27] and may degranulate, releasing antimicrobial products [37][38][39] as well as reactive oxygen species [40] into the amniotic cavity. Herein, we describe that amniotic fluid neutrophils from women with preterm clinical chorioamnionitis display some of the abovementioned functions: phagocytose bacteria and form NETs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with preterm clinical chorioamnionitis

et al. 2020

Inflamm. Res.

Objective: Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Some preterm births are associated with clinical chorioamnionitis; yet, this condition has been poorly investigated. Herein, we characterized the amniotic fluid cellular immune responses in women with preterm clinical chorioamnionitis.Methods and subjects: Amniotic fluid samples were obtained from women with preterm clinical chorioamnionitis and a positive or negative microbiological culture (n=17). The cellular composition of amniotic fluid was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy, scanning

“…In the current study, we showed that the number of neutrophils in amniotic fluid is significantly higher in women with pPROM and a positive microbiological culture than in those without culturable microorganisms. Studies investigating the functions of amniotic fluid neutrophils have shown that these innate immune cells can phagocytize bacteria invading the amniotic cavity [67], form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) [68], and may degranulate, releasing anti-microbial molecules such as myeloperoxidase [69][70][71], alpha-defensins [70,[72][73][74], elastase [70,75,76], cathepsin G [70,77], lactoferrin [78], pentraxin-3 [79], and cathelicidin [69,70] as well as reactive oxygen species [80] into the amniotic cavity. In addition to participating in the host defense response to microbes, neutrophils can also release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, IL-1α, and IL-1β, which are implicated in the mechanisms leading to premature labor in the context of intra-amniotic infection [52,53,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94].…”

Section: Amniotic Fluid Neutrophils In Women With Pprommentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

Slutsky

et al. 2020

Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM) occurs in 30% of preterm births; thus, this complication is a major contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity. However, the cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with pPROM have not been investigated. Methods Amniotic fluid samples were obtained from women with pPROM and a positive (n = 7) or negative (n = 10) microbiological culture. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the phenotype and number of amniotic fluid leukocytes. The correlation between amniotic fluid immune cells and an interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration or a white blood cell (WBC) count in amniotic fluid was calculated. Results Women with pPROM and a positive amniotic fluid culture had (1) a greater number of total leukocytes in amniotic fluid, including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages and (2) an increased number of total T cells in amniotic fluid, namely CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, but not B cells. The numbers of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages were positively correlated with IL-6 concentrations and WBC counts in amniotic fluid of women with pPROM. Conclusion Women with pPROM and a positive amniotic fluid culture exhibit a more severe cellular immune response than those with a negative culture, which is associated with well-known markers of intra-amniotic inflammation.