Effects of mechanical alloying parameters on the microstructures of nanocrystalline Cu-5 wt% Cr alloy

Shi, Kunyu; Xue, Lihong; Yan, Yunjun; Shen, Tao

doi:10.1007/s11595-013-0663-z

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Due to a unique combination of thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties as well as being corrosion resistant under applied high-voltage, such materials have found specific use as the electrodes in vacuum interrupters of high-voltage electric circuits [7]. New approaches of powder metallurgy such as additive manufacturing technologies [8][9][10], spark plasma sintering (SPS) [3,4,11], self-propagating hightemperature synthesis (SHS) [5], and high energy ball milling (HEBM) [1,3,4,[11][12][13][14][15] permit control of the microstructure of such pseudo-alloys, and hence significantly improve their properties [16][17][18][19][20][21]. For example, by optimizing the parameters of HEBM, one may obtain composite nanostructured particles with different sizes of the metal constituents with the formation of supersaturated solid solutions [3,8,[13][14][15]22], which cannot be produced by conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Conventional and Flash Spark Plasma Sintering of Cu–Cr Pseudo-Alloys: Kinetics, Structure, Properties

Kuskov

Abedi

Moskovskikh

et al. 2021

Metals

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Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is widely used for the consolidation of different materials. Copper-based pseudo alloys have found a variety of applications including as electrodes in vacuum interrupters of high-voltage electric circuits. How does the kinetics of SPS consolidation for such alloys depend on the heating rate? Do SPS kinetics depend on the microstructure of the media to be sintered? These questions were addressed by the investigation of SPS kinetics in the heating rate range of 0.1 to 50 K/s. The latter conditions were achieved through flash spark plasma sintering (FSPS). We also compared the sintering kinetics for the conventional copper–chromium mixture and for the mechanically induced copper/chromium nanostructured particles. It was shown that, under FSPS conditions, the observed maximum consolidation rates were 20–30 times higher than that for conventional SPS with a heating rate of 100 K/min. Under the investigated conditions, the sintering rate for mechanically induced composite Cu/Cr particles was 2–4 times higher compared to the conventional Cu + Cr mixtures. The apparent sintering activation energy for the Cu/Cr powder was twice less than that for Cu–Cr mixture. It was concluded that the FSPS of nanostructured powders is an efficient approach for the fabrication of pseudo-alloys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Conventional and Flash Spark Plasma Sintering of Cu–Cr Pseudo-Alloys: Kinetics, Structure, Properties

Kuskov

Abedi

Moskovskikh

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…It has been shown that in MA/MM experiments not only the milling time but also further parameters may have significant influence on the above mentioned phenomena. These parameters include the type of the mill, 8,9 the milling tools material, [10][11][12] the intensity of milling, [13][14][15][16][214][215][216] the ball-to-powder weight ratio, [14][15][16][17][18][19] the milling temperature [20][21][22] and the milling atmosphere. 20,[23][24][25] All these parameters influence the resolved forces at the point of contact between ball and powder under a given ambience (temperature, atmosphere) and material properties.…”

Section: Principles Of Mechanical Alloying/ Milling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of mechanical alloying/milling for synthesis of nanocrystalline and amorphous materials

Enayati¹,

Mohamed²

2014

International Materials Reviews

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Mechanical alloying (MA) and mechanical milling (MM) techniques have been widely utilised over the past two decades for synthesis of various alloys and composites with equilibrium or metastable structure at room temperature. One of the most interesting features of MA/MM is the ability to produce nanocrystalline and amorphous materials. Several mechanisms for formation of nanocrystalline and amorphous structures have been introduced based on experimental findings and similarity of MA/MM to other solid-state processing routes. In this paper, the recent experimental observations reported on development of nanocrystalline and amorphous structures using ball mill technique are selectively examined and critically reviewed to provide further insight into the key issues related to this solid-state technique. The review includes four major parts. It begins with a brief introduction to MA/MM and the principles of ball milling process for synthesis of materials. The second part is devoted to the formation of nanocrystalline structure by ball milling process. The earlier studies are summarised with special emphasis on the minimum grain size obtainable by ball milling, besides the recent progresses on the prediction of minimum grain size based on dislocation models are analysed and discussed in detail. The third part deals with the amorphisation reaction induced by ball milling. This section includes the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, the criteria developed for amorphisation reaction and microstructural evolution of powders during MA leading to the amorphisation reaction. The last part is devoted to the bulk amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys produced from precursor powder.

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“…Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni is one of the most popular systems based on which numerous high-entropy materials (HEM) have been created [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The initial studies were aimed at obtaining alloys with maximum configurational entropy with multiple principal elements in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Synthesis and Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering of Non-Equiatomic CoAl-Based High Entropy Intermetallics

et al. 2023

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The present work reports the direct production of a high-entropy (HE) intermetallic CoNi0.3Fe0.3Cr0.15Al material with a B2 structure from mechanically activated elemental powder mixtures. Fast and efficient combustion synthesis (CS), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and reactive SPS (RSPS) methods were used to synthesize the HE powders and bulks. The formation of the main B2 phase along with some amounts of secondary BCC and FCC phases are reported, and L12 intermetallic (CS scheme) and BCC based on Cr (CS + SPS and RSPS schemes at 1000 °C) were observed in all samples. The interaction between the components during heating to 1600 °C of the mechanically activated mixtures and CS powders has been studied. It has been shown that the formation of the CoNi0.3Fe0.3Cr0.15Al phase occurs at 1370 °C through the formation of intermediate intermetallic phases (Al9Me2, AlCo, AlNi3) and their solid solutions, which coincidences well with thermodynamic calculations and solubility diagrams. Compression tests at room and elevated temperatures showed that the alloy obtained by the RSPS method has enhanced mechanical properties (σp = 2.79 GPa, σ0.2 = 1.82 GPa, ε = 11.5% at 400 °C) that surpass many known alloys in this system. High mechanical properties at elevated temperatures are provided by the B2 ordered phase due to the presence of impurity atoms and defects in the lattice.

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Effects of mechanical alloying parameters on the microstructures of nanocrystalline Cu-5 wt% Cr alloy

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Comparison of Conventional and Flash Spark Plasma Sintering of Cu–Cr Pseudo-Alloys: Kinetics, Structure, Properties

Comparison of Conventional and Flash Spark Plasma Sintering of Cu–Cr Pseudo-Alloys: Kinetics, Structure, Properties

Application of mechanical alloying/milling for synthesis of nanocrystalline and amorphous materials

Combustion Synthesis and Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering of Non-Equiatomic CoAl-Based High Entropy Intermetallics

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