Effects of Media Ratings on Children and Adolescents: A Litmus Test of the Forbidden Fruit Effect

Gosselt, Jordy F.; Jong, Menno D.T. de; Hoof, Joris Jasper van

doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01597.x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Naderer et al (13) observed that children exposed to unhealthy food placements in cartoons and whose parents applied a low, average or mildly high active food-related mediation style are more likely to later choose an unhealthy snack compared to children not exposed to any food placements. They also noted that parents' active food-related mediation style directly affects their children's unhealthy food choices, arguably due to the so-called 'Forbidden Fruit Effect' of commodity theory (39) , which holds that people find seemingly unavailable goods more desirable (40) . Although the authors additionally found that applying a restrictive mediation style had no effects and that applying either mediation style had no effect on children exposed to healthy food placements only, they presented placements unaccompanied by persuasive strategies in their experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of gain- and loss-framed nutritional messages on children’s healthy eating behaviour

Binder

Naderer

Matthes

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective:Despite extensive research on framing effects in public health communication, there is still a lack of knowledge on how gain frames v. loss frames can encourage healthy eating behaviour among children.Design:Drawing on the Prospect Theory as well as on the Reactivity of Embedded Food Cues in Advertising Model, an experiment exposed children to an audio-visual cartoon movie with gain-framed nutritional messages about eating fruit (gain condition), loss-framed nutritional messages about eating fruit (loss condition) or a message without any food (control group). Children’s fruit intake was measured as the dependent variable. Children’s awareness of gain- and loss-framed arguments was treated as mediators, while children’s age and parents’ self-reported food-related mediation styles were modelled as moderators.Setting:Vienna, Austria, in 2018.Participants:Children aged 6–10 years (N 161).Results:Children in the gain frame group were more aware of gain-framed arguments, and children in the loss frame group were more aware of loss-framed arguments than those in the control group. However, only the mediator awareness of gain-framed arguments increased fruit intake. Additionally, there was a direct effect of the gain-framed message on fruit intake compared to the control group. The loss condition did not reveal such an effect. Neither parent’s food-related mediation styles nor children’s age moderated those results.Conclusion:Gain-framing seems to be more effective in influencing children’s healthy food choices compared to loss-framing. Implications for health communication strategies aimed at children are discussed.

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confidence: 99%

The effects of gain- and loss-framed nutritional messages on children’s healthy eating behaviour

Binder

Naderer

Matthes

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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“…In general, video game regulation is carried out through the assignment of agebased ratings, which denies children access to certain video games if they are younger than a determined age category (Gentile et al, 2005). In spite of considerable work on the legal set-up of individual regulation systems for video games (see Byrd, 2007;Höynck, 2008;Höynck et al, 2007;Thompson et al, 2006), the effects of age ratings (see Gosselt et al, 2012;Joeckel et al, 2013;Nije Bijvank et al, 2009) or investigations into the importance of ratings for parental media regulation Stroud and Chernin, 2008), few studies have asked the question: How do regulatory systems differ in the way they regulate video games for children and adolescents of certain ages? Answers to this question are not only relevant to media lawmakers but also to media education as this may give some insight into the question of whether there is stability in the actual rating decision across different systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Video game rating systems in the US and Europe

Dogruel

Joeckel

2013

International Communication Gazette

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Regulating children's and adolescents' access to video games appeared on the agenda of media lawmakers from the 1990s on. Approaches in western democracies have largely followed the approach of industry self-regulation, resulting in a diverse set of different types of self-regulation systems. This study applies a comparative perspective on the actual rating practices, asking how far regulation systems differ systematically and how far these differences might lead to different rating decisions. The study analyzes both the setup of three major western regulation systems (the German USK, the pan-European PEGI and the US ESRB) and the actual rating decisions in each of the three systems relying on secondary data at the aggregate level, individual rating decisions for 182 top-selling titles and a list of favorite video games of 744 adolescents in the US and Germany. Findings illustrate that each system has a distinct focus, according to which it regulates different video game use more strongly than the other systems.

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“…We purport that if young adults are sexually aroused by video content, younger populations may have similar reactions. Previous studies have found that parents appreciate the film ratings and find them helpful at gauging what is suitable content for their children to view (Gosselt, De Jong, & Van Hoof, 2012). We propose a similar rating system for music video exposure, particularly when delivered via the Internet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Music Lyrics and Imagery in the Sexual Health of Black College Students

Chandler

Ross

Kolar

et al. 2015

Journal of Black Studies

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Sexual risk taking and potential sequelae such as sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, may be related to music videos that display suggestive imagery and lyrics. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore characteristics of music lyrics and imagery that might have implications on sexual arousal in Black college students. For four consecutive weeks, the top 20 Hip Hop/R&B music tracks from the official Billboard Charts website were selected. A convenience sample of 27 self-identified Black college students aged 18 to 24 were asked to rate the sexually explicit content in each video. There was a modest association between visual sexual explicitness scores for each video and scores on the Sexual Arousal and Desire Inventory (SADI) for females, and a strong association between visual sexual explicitness for each video and scores on the SADI for males.

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Effects of Media Ratings on Children and Adolescents: A Litmus Test of the Forbidden Fruit Effect

Abstract: Media ratings serve to inform parents about and protect minors from violent

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

The effects of gain- and loss-framed nutritional messages on children’s healthy eating behaviour

The effects of gain- and loss-framed nutritional messages on children’s healthy eating behaviour

Video game rating systems in the US and Europe

Considering Music Lyrics and Imagery in the Sexual Health of Black College Students

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