Effects of medially posted insoles on foot and lower limb mechanics across walking and running in overpronating men

Abstract

. The kinematic results showed that MPI reduced the peak forefoot eversion movement in respect to both hindfoot and tibia across walking and running when compared to NORM (p<0.05-0.01). No differences were found in hindfoot eversion between conditions. The kinetic results showed no insole effects in walking, but during running MPI shifted center of pressure medially under the foot (p<0.01) leading to an increase in frontal plane moments at the hip (p<0.05) and knee (p<0.05) joints and a reduction at the ankle joint (p<0.05). These findings indicate that MPI primarily controlled the forefoot motion across walking and running. While kinetic response to MPI was more pronounced in running than walking, kinematic effects were essentially similar across both modes. This suggests that despite higher loads placed upon limp limb during running, there is no need to have a stiffer insoles to achieve similar reduction in the forefoot motion than in walking.3

Immediate Effects of Medially Posted Insoles on Lower Limb Joint Contact Forces in Adult Acquired Flatfoot: A Pilot Study

“…A number of studies have examined foot kinematics and kinetics after orthosis use [14][15][16]18,48]. Regarding the joint angles, the foot orthosis significantly reduced the peak hindfoot eversion by 3.8 • (p = 0.001, ES = 1.468), which was consistent with previous studies using a medial forefoot or medial full-length insole [49,50].…”

“…In addition, there was no significant difference in the vertical ground reaction force and walking speed, which was in line with Leung study [51]. However, existing research presented mixed results on joint moments [14,52] which could be ascribed to the differences in the orthotic design, such as the stiffness and arch support height [13].…”

“…However, this did not come into a consensus for joint moments. Telfer, Abbott, Steultjens and Woodburn [16] found that increasing the medial posting wedge elevated the knee adduction moment while Kosonen, Kulmala, Müller and Avela [14] did not find a significant difference in the knee adduction moment during walking. Hsu et al [19] adopted a medial posting insole in the forefoot and rearfoot and found that the foot orthosis significantly increased the knee internal abduction moment and reduced the ankle inversion moment and hip abduction moment.…”

“…Foot orthoses can improve stability and facilitate pain relief by modifying lower limb alignment [13][14][15][16][17][18]. A recent review conducted by Desmyttere, Hajizadeh, Bleau and Begon [18] examined the influence of the orthosis design on the kinematics of the lower extremity.…”

“…Hsu et al [19] adopted a medial posting insole in the forefoot and rearfoot and found that the foot orthosis significantly increased the knee internal abduction moment and reduced the ankle inversion moment and hip abduction moment. Regardless, previous studies have evaluated the biomechanics of foot orthoses for flatfoot by joint angles or moments [14][15][16]18,19], whereas the joint contact force represents a more direct parameter used to reveal the mechanism of secondary knee joint problems, such as pain and cartilage wear [20]. However, measurement in vivo was difficult owing to the invasiveness.…”