Effects of medicinal herb salvia miltiorrhiza on osteoblastic cells in vitro

Abstract

Sufficient osteoinduction is essential for the success and effectiveness of bone grafting. It was previously found that Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM), a commonly used Chinese herb increased osteogenesis in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SM on bone cells in vitro, in an attempt to get a better understanding on how SM can promote bone remodeling. MC3T3-E1, an osteoblastic cell line, was cultured with SM for different time intervals (24, 48, and 72 h), whereas the control group consisted of cells cultured without any intervention. The mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of ALP showed an early increase at 24 h by 50% (p < 0.001) and at 48 h by 13% (p < 0.001). OCN was decreased by 22% at 24 h (p < 0.001) but increased by 50% and 88% at 48 and 72 h, respectively (p < 0.001). RANKL showed an early increase at the first two time points of 24 and 48 h by 45% (p < 0.001) and 36% (p < 0.01), respectively, while OPG was up-regulated at the latter two time points by 10% at 48 h (p < 0.01) and 68% at 72 h (p < 0.001). Thus, OPG/RANKL was down-regulated first, and then up-regulated. SM enhances bone remodeling by regulating the gene expression of ALP, OCN, OPG, and RANKL. It is a potential medicinal herb to be utilized in the application that requires stimulation in bone cell activities. ß

The role of kaempferol-induced autophagy on differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

“…ALP is an essential indicator of the mineralization capacity, and it is expressed by all osteoblastic cells. ALP activity was also reported to be a characteristic of osteogenic cells in culture and to promote bone matrix mineralization [36]. We observed that kaempferol stimulated ALP activity and the formation of mineralized nodules at a maximum concentration of 10 μM in the MC3T3-E1 cells, thereby suggesting a bone anabolic action for kaempferol in osteoblasts.…”

Chinese single herbs and active ingredients for postmenopausal osteoporosis: From preclinical evidence to action mechanism

“…Mechanisms involved in the osteogenesis and osteolysis effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its constituents included: i) first down-regulate and then up-regulate OPG/RANKL in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell line (86), ii) promote osteogenesis through the ERK signaling pathway in human mesenchymal stem cells (87), iii) attenuate oxidative stress via downregulation of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) signaling, and rescue the decrease of osteoblastic differentiation through up-regulation of Wnt signal under oxidative stress in pluripotent mesenchymal precursor C2C12 cells and preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells (84), iv) inhibit osteoclast formation by inhibiting the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) induced by RANKL in a rat BMSCs/calvarial osteoblast co-culture system (88), v) prevent osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting RANKL expression and NF-κB induction in co-culture of monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and osteoblast cell line type CRL 12257 (89), and vi) reduce the number and activity of osteoclasts via suppression of RANK activated AKT, NF-κB, and MAPKs signal transduction in rat BMSCs/calvarial osteoblasts coculture system (90).…”

Salvia MiltiorrhizaInduces VEGF Expression and Regulates Expression of VEGF Receptors in Osteoblastic Cells

“…Although both SM and VEGF upregulate ALP and OCN, it was found in our previous studies that SM showed an earlier and more continuous effect than VEGF (Chin et al ., ; Tan et al ., ). The same trend was found in the present study when we assessed the expression of OPN in response to SM and external VEGF.…”