:
Recent estimates for the global brain health supplement category, i.e. nootropic market size, will grow to
nearly $5.8 billion by 2023. Overall, nearly one-quarter (23%) of adults currently take a supplement to
maintain or improve brain health or delay and reverse dementia. Not surprisingly, the use of such
supplements increases with age – more than one-third of the oldest generation (ages 74 and older) takes a
supplement for brain health. This widespread use is being driven by a strong desire both in the younger
and older generations to enhance cognitive performance and achieve healthy aging. The most prevalent
botanicals currently dominating the nootropic marketplace include Gingko biloba, American ginseng, and
Bacopa monnieri. However, other botanicals that affect stress, focus, attention, and sleep have also been
procured by dietary supplement companies developing products for improving both, short and long-term
brain health. This review focuses on efficacy data for neuroactive botanicals targeted at improving
cognitive function, stress reduction, memory, mood, attention, concentration, focus, and alertness,
including Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, Holy basil, American ginseng, Gotu kola, Lemon balm,
Common and Spanish sages and spearmint. Botanicals are discussed in terms of available clinical
efficacy data and current safety profiles. Data gaps are highlighted for both efficacy and safety to bring
attention to unmet needs and future research.