Effects of methylphenidate on working memory functioning in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Kobel, Maja; Bechtel, Nina; Weber, Peter; Specht, Karsten; Klarhöfer, Markus; Scheffler, Klaus; Opwis, Klaus; Penner, Iris‐Katharina

doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.10.008

Cited by 88 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of increased neuronal synchronization of epileptiform discharge in the epileptic focus or zone. MPH has affects on task performance both in ADHD and normal participants [9,56,57] . In this study, we found differences in ReHo in the left superior and middle temporal gyri (on-MPH > on-placebo) and left lingual gyrus (on-MPH < on-placebo) in normal adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state brain activity in normal adults: an fMRI study

et al. 2013

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Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain activation during specific cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), few studies have focused on spontaneous brain activity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of MPH on the intra-regional synchronization of spontaneous brain activity during the resting state in 18 normal adult males. A handedness questionnaire and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were applied before medication, and a resting-state fMRI scan was obtained 1 h after medication (20 mg MPH or placebo, order counterbalanced between participants). We demonstrated that: (1) there were no significant differences in the performance of behavioral tasks between the MPH and placebo groups; (2) the left middle and superior temporal gyri had stronger MPHrelated regional homogeneity (ReHo); and (3) the left lingual gyrus had weaker MPH-related ReHo. Our findings showed that the ReHo in some brain areas changes with MPH compared to placebo in normal adults, even though there are no behavioral differences. This method can be applied to patients with mental illness who may be treated with MPH, and be used to compare the difference between patients taking MPH and normal participants, to help reveal the mechanism of how MPH works.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state brain activity in normal adults: an fMRI study

et al. 2013

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“…These data help resolve some surprising apparent inconsistencies observed with respect to lateral frontal cortical areas (DLPFC and VLPFC) in previous separate imaging studies. Thus, it appears that dysfunction of the DLPFC and VLPFC (Aron et al, 2003;Bush et al, 2005;Durston, 2003;Kobel et al, 2008;Pliszka et al, 2006;Schneider et al, 2006;Smith et al, 2008;Vaidya and Stollstorff, 2008) have important and separable roles in ADHD.…”

Section: Functional Studies: Pet and Fmrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Bush

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

301

251

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Research attempting to elucidate the neuropathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not only shed light on the disorder itself, it has simultaneously provided new insights into the mechanisms of normal cognition and attention. This review will highlight and integrate this bidirectional flow of information. Following a brief overview of ADHD clinical phenomenology, ADHD studies will be placed into a wider historical perspective by providing illustrative examples of how major models of attention have influenced the development of neurocircuitry models of ADHD. The review will then identify major components of neural systems potentially relevant to ADHD, including attention networks, reward/feedbackbased processing systems, as well as a 'default mode' resting state network. Further, it will suggest ways in which these systems may interact and be influenced by neuromodulatory factors. Recent ADHD imaging data will be selectively provided to both illustrate the field's current level of knowledge and to show how such data can inform our understanding of normal brain functions. The review will conclude by suggesting possible avenues for future research.

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“…These deficits have been shown to be underpinned by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence for reduced fronto-striatal and temporo-parietal activation during visuo-spatial (Silk et al 2005;Vance et al 2007) and verbal WM tasks (Kobel et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-specific laterality effects on frontal lobe activation of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder boys during working memory

et al. 2013

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Background The catecholamine reuptake inhibitors methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are the most common treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study compares the neurofunctional modulation and normalization effects of acute doses of MPH and ATX within medication-naive ADHD boys during working memory (WM). Method A total of 20 medicationnaive ADHD boys underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a parametric WM n-back task three times, under a single clinical dose of either MPH, ATX or placebo in a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. To test for normalization effects, brain activations in ADHD under each drug condition were compared with that of 20 age-matched healthy control boys. Results Relative to healthy boys, ADHD boys under placebo showed impaired performance only under high WM load together with significant underactivation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Both drugs normalized the performance deficits relative to controls. ATX significantly enhanced right DLPFC activation relative to MPH within patients, and significantly normalized its underactivation relative to controls. MPH, by contrast, both relative to placebo and ATX, as well as relative to controls, upregulated the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), but only during 2-back. Both drugs enhanced frontotemporo-striatal activation in ADHD relative to control boys and deactivated the default-mode network, which were negatively associated with the reduced DLPFC activation and performance deficits, suggesting compensation effects. Conclusions The study shows both shared and drug-specific effects. ATX upregulated and normalized right DLPFC underactivation, while MPH upregulated left IFC activation, suggesting drug-specific laterality effects on prefrontal regions mediating WM. Background. The catecholamine reuptake inhibitors methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are the most common treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study compares the neurofunctional modulation and normalization effects of acute doses of MPH and ATX within medication-naive ADHD boys during working memory (WM).

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Effects of methylphenidate on working memory functioning in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 88 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state brain activity in normal adults: an fMRI study

Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state brain activity in normal adults: an fMRI study

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Drug-specific laterality effects on frontal lobe activation of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder boys during working memory

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