Effects of microenvironment on the dynamics of spider-mite populations

Holtzer, Thomas O.; Norman, John M.; Perring, Thomas M.; Berry, James S.; Heintz, J. C.

doi:10.1007/bf01196189

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, the model does not specifically account for the possibility that dispersing spider mites could relocate to warmer areas of the plant and thereby experience more heat units relative to non-dispersed spider mites. This increase could be substantial or minimal, depending upon differences in temperature within the canopy (Holtzer et al, 1988;Davidson et al, 1990;Wilson et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Trichilo

Wilson

1993

Exp Appl Acarol

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A simulation model was used to as~ss the role of several mechanisms proposed to be responsible for spider mite outbreaks on cotton that are typically observed following applications of insecticides. Simulation results were compared to an outbreak that occurred after two pyrethroid applications on cotton in a controlled experiment in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In the model, physiological cffects were simulated by increasing spider mite fecundity and decreasing developmental duration, whereas loss of natural enemies was simulated by increasing spider mite age-specific survival. At the levels simulated, smwival had the greatest impact on maximum spider mite density, degree days (°D) to maximum density, and cumulative spider mite-°D, whereas fecundity had the least, and developmental duration had an intermediate effect. There were substantial two-way interactions anlong all three life history parameters, with age-specific survival having the most influence. Surviwd had the greatest effect on spider mite population dynamics when in combination with short development',d duration. The influence of developmental duration on maximum spider mite density was greater than comparable percentage changes in fecundity, an effect that was more pronounced at high than at low survival, Changing fecundity, developmental duration, or age-specific survival individually did not result in a spider mite outbreak of the magnitude observed in the field. However, changing these three parameters simultaneously, resulted in a simulated maximum density of 8.000/m 2. which represents a 12-fold increase over the untreated control, and closely mimicked the previously observed field outbreak. It is proposed that spider mite outbreaks on cotton following insecticide applications are not solely the result of physiological stimulation, but are rather due to several life history parameters being affected simultaneously, with natural enemy-mediated survival having the greatest individual impact. Implications of chemically-induced phenomena afflicting spider mite management on cotton are discussed. INTRODU(YFIONOutbreaks of herbivorous arthropods such as spider mites, Tetranvchus spp., following applications of insecticides, have received much attention (Bartlett 1968;~A copy of thc crop and herbivore simttlation models can be obtained by sending an IBM compatible disk to L.T. Wilson.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Trichilo

Wilson

1993

Exp Appl Acarol

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“…Climatic factors may also be important in influencing predation. Holtzer et al (1988) demonstrated that the lack of synchrony between spider mites and a generalist predator may be related to different responses to leaf micro-environment. As leaf temperature increases, the relative humidity of the boundary layer decreases (exacerbated by low stomatal conductance and aided by higher wind speeds), and the survival of eggs of generalist phytoseiid predators and the longevity of female lifespan have been shown to decrease at lower relative humidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Within-season dynamics of red palm mite (Raoiella indica) and phytoseiid predators on two host palm species in south-west India

et al. 2011

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Field surveys were conducted monthly between December 2008 and July 2009 in Kerala, south-west India to compare the population dynamics of the red palm mite Raoiella indica (RPM) on two host plants Areca catechu and Cocos nucifera during one non-monsoon season when, in general, RPM populations increase. The aim was to examine the effects of host plant, host plant locality and the impact of climatic factors on RPM and related phytoseiid predators. There were significantly higher RPM densities on areca in peak season (May/June) compared to coconut; although significantly more coconut sites were infested with RPM than areca. Although no one climatic factor was significantly related to RPM numbers, interactions were found between temperature, humidity and rainfall and the partitioning of host plant locality showed that where conditions were warmer and drier, RPM densities were significantly higher. Specifically on coconut, there was a significant relation between RPM densities and the combined interaction between site temperature, site humidity and phytoseiid densities. There was a marked difference in the density of phytoseiids collected between areca and coconut palms, with significantly more on the latter, in several months. Amblyseius largoensis was the most commonly collected phytoseiid in association with RPM, although Amblyseius tamatavensis species group and Amblyseius largoensis species group were collected in association with RPM also. There was also evidence of a weak numerical response of the combined phytoseiid complex in relation to RPM density the previous month on coconut but this was not observed on areca.

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“…Moreover, preliminary measurements suggest that leaf rolls might offer an even more suitable microenvironment for spider mites than is provided by the lower surface of leaves, because temperatures inside leaf rolls are slightly higher than on the lower leaf surface (inside rolls: 34.26€0.27 C; outside rolls on upper surface: 33.96€0.45 C; lower surface: 32.94€0.28 C; n=5; F=4.05, df=2, P=0.045; measured during the daytime). Spider mites develop more rapidly with increasing temperature until an upper threshold is reached (Hazan et al 1973;Holtzer et al 1988;Roy et al 2002). Finally, leaf roll curvature also provides suitable attachment points for spider mite webbing.…”

Section: Use Of Leaf Rolls By Spider Mitesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Herbivorous mites as ecological engineers: indirect effects on arthropods inhabiting papaya foliage

et al. 2003

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We examined the potential of a leaf roller to indirectly influence a community of arthropods. Two mite species are the key herbivores on papaya leaves in Hawaii: a spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, and an eriophyid mite, Calacarus flagelliseta, which induces upward curling of the leaf margin at the end of the summer when populations reach high densities. A survey and three manipulative field experiments demonstrated that (1) leaf rolls induce a consistent shift in the spatial distribution of spider mites and their predators, the coccinellid Stethorus siphonulus Kapur, the predatory mites Phytoseiulus spp., and the tangle-web building spider Nesticodes rufipes Lucas; (2) the overall abundance of spiders increases on leaves with rolls; (3) the specialist predators Stethorus and Phytoseiulus inhabit the rolls in response to their spider mite prey; and (4) the spider inhabits the rolls in response to the architecture of the roll itself. This study shows the importance of indirect effects in structuring a terrestrial community of herbivores.

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Effects of microenvironment on the dynamics of spider-mite populations

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Within-season dynamics of red palm mite (Raoiella indica) and phytoseiid predators on two host palm species in south-west India

Herbivorous mites as ecological engineers: indirect effects on arthropods inhabiting papaya foliage

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