Effects of milk replacer and starter diet provided as creep feed for suckling pigs on pre‐ and post‐weaning growth

Park, Byung-Chul; Ha, Duck-Min; Park, Man-Jong; Lee, Chul Young

doi:10.1111/asj.12246

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The observed increase in growth of piglets after 3 wk of NDM supplementation confirms previous findings describing beneficial effects on growth performance of liquid milk replacer before weaning (Azain et al, 1996;Wolter et al, 2002;Park et al, 2014). This positive effect on weight is probably a consequence of increased availability of nutrients due to the NDM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Early-life conditions affect intestinal development and microbial colonization, making the early phase of life critical for intestinal development under farm production circumstances (Schokker et al, 2014). Providing supplemental liquid milk replacer before weaning will increase weaning weight (Wolter et al, 2002;Park et al, 2014). Creep feeding has the dual function of aiding in the adaptation from liquid to solid feed as well as providing nutrients later in lactation when sow milk production cannot adequately meet the needs of her litter, thus easing the transition period of weaning for piglets (Azain et al, 1996).…”

Section: Supplementation Of Piglets With Nutrient-dense Complex Milk mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementation of piglets with nutrient-dense complex milk replacer improves intestinal development and microbial fermentation1

Greeff

Resink²,

Hees

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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Weaning of piglets causes stress due to environmental, behavioral, and nutritional stressors and can lead to postweaning diarrhea and impaired gut development. The diet changes experienced during weaning require extensive adaptation of the digestive system. A well-developed piglet that had creep-feed experience before weaning performs better after weaning. In the current study, the effect of providing sow-fed piglets with a supplemental nutrient-dense complex milk replacer (NDM) on gut development and growth performance was studied. Litters of sows with similar parities (3.6 ± 0.8) and similar numbers of live born piglets (13.5 ± 0.3) were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: 1 group of piglets had ad libitum access to NDM from Day 2 through 21 after birth, whereas the other group was used as controls. Nutrient-dense complex milk replacer-fed piglets were shown to be significantly heavier after 21 d of supplementation compared with the control piglets. At Day 21, 3 piglets from each litter were euthanized for morphological and functional analyses of the intestinal tract. The small intestines of NDM-fed piglets had significantly higher weights (g) as well as significantly higher relative weight:length ratios (g//cm) compared with the small intestines of control piglets ( < 0.05). Morphometric analysis demonstrated that villi length and numbers of goblet cells did not differ between groups. However, NDM-fed piglets had deeper crypts ( < 0.001) and an increased expression of the cell-proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen in crypts ( < 0.05), suggesting higher cell-proliferation rates. The gene encoding IGF-1 showed a tendency to higher gene expression in the jejunum from NDM-fed piglets ( = 0.07) compared with the jejunum from control piglets, suggesting that IGF-1 might be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and intestinal growth. Finally, as a result of dietary fiber in NDM, piglets showed significantly increased concentrations of metabolic fermentation products. This suggests differences in metabolic activity in the colon between treatment groups. In conclusion, providing sow-fed piglets with NDM before weaning stimulates intestinal proliferation, leading to increased circular growth. Nutrient-dense complex milk replacer supplementation might, therefore, help piglets through the transition period at weaning by increased BW and increased capacity for uptake of nutrients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Supplementation Of Piglets With Nutrient-dense Complex Milk mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of piglets with nutrient-dense complex milk replacer improves intestinal development and microbial fermentation1

Greeff

Resink²,

Hees

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Here, we show that persistently infected piglets could also be generated following infection using a previously characterized CSFV strain (Muñoz-González, Ruggli, et al, 2015) at 3 weeks after birth, an age in which the weaning could be carried out in some swine The experiments were repeated twice under the same conditions production systems (Mahan, Cromwell, Ewan, Hamilton, & Yen, 1998;Park, Ha, Park, & Lee, 2014). After the infection that was monitored during 6 weeks, besides the increase in rectal temperature, very mild or even no clinical signs were observed in some of the infected pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Bohórquez

Wang

Pérez‐Simó

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of the most important pathogens affecting swine. After infection with a moderate virulence strain at 8 hours after birth, CSFV is able to induce viral persistence. These animals may appear clinically healthy or showed unspecific clinical signs despite the permanent viremia and high viral shedding, in absence of immune response to the virus. Given the role played by this infection in disease control, we aimed to evaluate the capacity of CSFV to induce postnatal persistent infection at 3 weeks after birth. Nine pigs were CSFV infected and sampled weekly during 6 weeks and viral, clinical, pathological and immunological tests were carried out. Also, the CD4/CD8 ratio was calculated with the purpose to relate this marker with the CSFV persistent infection. The IFN‐α response was detected mainly 1 week after infection, being similar in all the infected animals. However, 44.4% of animals were CSFV persistently infected, 33.3% died and 22.2% developed specific antibody response. Interestingly, in persistently infected pigs, the T‐CD8 population was increased, the T‐CD4 subset was decreased and lower CD4/CD8 ratios were detected. This is the first report of CSFV capacity to confer postnatal persistent infection in pigs infected at 3 weeks after birth, an age in which the weaning could be carried out in some swine production systems. This type of infected animals shed high amounts of virus and are difficult to evaluate from the clinical and anatomopathological point of view. Therefore, the detection of this type of infection and its elimination in endemic areas will be relevant for global CSF eradication. Finally, the low CD4/CD8 ratios found in persistently infected animals may be implicated in maintaining high CSFV replication during persistence and further studies will be performed to decipher the role of these cells in CSFV immunopathogenesis.

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“…Based on studies in nursery pigs that compared the energy intake of liquid and dry feed (Kim et al, 2001;L'Anson et al, 2012), it has been assumed that the provision of liquid creep feed can improve the growth performance of suckling piglets more significantly than the provision of solid creep feed. However, no differences in pre-weaning average daily gain were reported between milk replacer and dry creep feed in Park et al (2014), and milk replacer only tended to improve pre-weaning average daily gain compared to one creep feed, but not compared to another creep feed (Lynch et al, 1998). Creep feed provided as porridge increased the feed intake of piglets compared to pelleted creep feed, and also stimulated the intake of the pelleted transition feed that was provided the last week before weaning (Clouard et al, 2018b).…”

Section: A Matter Of Taste and Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major contributor to these problems is the abrupt change in diet from sow's milk to solid feed (Bolhuis et al, 2009). Habituating piglets to solid feed while they are with the sow, by providing creep feed, is therefore considered important for improving the feed intake and hence performance of newly weaned piglets, and may also supplement sow milk, although the impact on performance around weaning seems inconsistent (positive effect: Shea et al, 2013, Muns andMagowan, 2018;negative effect: Beaulieu et al, 2010;lack of effect: Sulabo et al, 2010b, Park et al, 2014. Apart from a potential effect on performance, creep feed provision may also affect piglet behaviour, including explorative activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging in the farrowing room to stimulate feeding : getting piglets to eat is bittersweet

Middelkoop¹

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In common pig production systems, weaning happens early and abruptly, which contrasts the gradual transition from sow's milk to solid feed in nature. A significant proportion of commercially reared piglets is therefore poorly familiarised with the ingestion of solid feed before weaning, which together with concurrent changes in social structure and environment, result in a low feed intake and multiple health and welfare problems initially after weaning. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of solid feed provision during lactation (creep feed) on piglet development during the weaning transition. Piglets provided with creep feed (including fermentable fibres) during lactation increased their growth towards weaning, tended to be heavier at weaning, and were heavier and more uniform in body weight at two weeks after weaning compared to piglets reared on sow's milk only. This may partly be explained by a more developed gastrointestinal tract and more mature gut microbiota population at weaning of creep feed eaters within litters given creep feed. The second aim of this thesis was to explore whether piglets that were offered more opportunities to forage early in life increased their intake of creep feed before weaning and thereby improved their ability to deal with the weaning transition. Four strategies that could stimulate foraging in the farrowing room were tested: 1) enriching the pen with foraging materials on the floor and extra space, and by alternating chew objects, 2) presenting creep feed in a 'play-feeder' with foraging and playing materials attached, 3) providing diverse feeds in the feeder and 4) hiding feed in the feeder in sand. Enrichment with foraging materials on the floor, more space and alternating chew objects positively influenced feed intake of piglets before and after weaning until the end of the study at 2.5 weeks postweaning. Presenting the creep feed in a play-feeder stimulated feeder exploration and attracted more piglets than presenting the feed in a conventional feeder. Although the play-feeder did not enhance pre-weaning feed intake, post-weaning feed intake and growth were substantially improved and the incidence of diarrhoea, body lesions and damage were lower. Simultaneous provision of diverse feeds to suckling piglets resulted in more feed exploration and solid feed intake, and in a higher number of good eaters. Hiding feed in sand stimulated the number of good creep feed eaters within the litter, but did not increase exploration towards the feed. With the exception of the first feeding strategy, treatments were not reinforced after weaning and piglets thus experienced loss of these resources, which may have had a negative effect on post-weaning adaptation. This may explain the limited effects of dietary diversity on post-weaning adaption and the negative effects of hiding feed in sand on post-weaning feed intake, growth, manipulation and aggression. Lastly, it was shown that creep feed intake is not only driven by exploration, but also by a low energy intake fr...

show abstract

Effects of milk replacer and starter diet provided as creep feed for suckling pigs on pre‐ and post‐weaning growth

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Supplementation of piglets with nutrient-dense complex milk replacer improves intestinal development and microbial fermentation1

Supplementation of piglets with nutrient-dense complex milk replacer improves intestinal development and microbial fermentation1

Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Foraging in the farrowing room to stimulate feeding : getting piglets to eat is bittersweet

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