Effects of mineral oil immersion cooling on IT equipment reliability and reliability enhancements to data center operations

Shah, Jimil M.; Eiland, Richard; Siddarth, Ashwin; Agonafer, Dereje

doi:10.1109/itherm.2016.7517566

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The research also investigated the effect of varying oil flow rates and inlet temperatures on the thermal performance and power consumption of the server. Shah et al, [13] studied the impact of mineral oil as a dielectric oil on the physical and chemical properties of server materials. Kuncoro et al [14] described a cooling model to improve energy efficiency in data centers, utilizing water and mineral oils as fluids.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of dielectric oils for immersion liquid cooling of server rack

Mohammed,

El-Maghlany,

Elhelw

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In this research, two-phase immersion cooling is utilized to cool a server rack of 8 kW that contains 42 servers. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of server rack model is analyzed by ANSYS 18.1, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Comparative analysis between two types of dielectric engineered oils is performed, FC-72 and a new oil technology SF-33. The simulation shows a great decrease in temperature ranges for model using SF-33 oil with 34% decrease of the minimum temperature where the most surfaces of servers are at temperatures between 37 °C to 48 °C. Using SF-33 oil makes the hot spot temperature is higher than that for FC-72 by about 3°C. Power consumption for cooling with SF-33 oil is higher due to higher amount of vapor.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of dielectric oils for immersion liquid cooling of server rack

Mohammed,

El-Maghlany,

Elhelw

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Mineral oil outperformed silicone oil, synthetic esters, and natural esters in terms of thermal performance. Because of its low cost, toxicity, and wide operating temperature range, mineral oil is an excellent choice for battery immersion cooling systems and data centers [30][31][32][33][34]. It also has no impact on the reliability of electronic devices or the increasing corrosion rates [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate additional thermal solutions for electric vehicle batteries, many studies use hydrofluoroether [38,39] or natural and synthetic esters [31,40,41]. There is an effort to demonstrate that by enhancing their properties with nanoparticles, biodegradable materials can match the properties of mineral oil [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Optimization of an Electronic Control Unit Immersed in Forced Liquid Coolant

et al. 2023

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The current paper aims to present a cooling concept for future centralized platforms of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) from the automotive industry that involves grouping multiple electronic devices into a single system and cooling them with forced convection dielectric coolant. The enhancement consists of replacing the inside air of the module with a dielectric coolant that has a higher thermal conductivity than air and employing an additional prototype system that aids in forced liquid cooling. To meet automotive requirements, the experiments were exposed to an ambient temperature of 85 °C. Temperature measurements on these solutions’ hot spots were compared to those on a thermal paste-only reference electronic module. This study used DFSS (Design for Six Sigma) techniques to determine the ideal pump flow rate, fan air flow rate, and liquid volume in the housing, leading to an optimization in heat dissipation. Finding a trustworthy transfer function that could forecast the impact of the crucial design parameters that had been found was the main goal. The electronics cooled by forced convection coolant improved heat dissipation by up to 60% when compared to the reference module. This demonstrates that the DoE (Design of Experiments) method, which is based on a limited number of measurements, can estimate the behavior of the ECU without the need for a more involved theoretical framework.

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“…However, the single-phase immersion cooling system, functioning solely in a liquid state, inherently leads to increased energy density and weight. Furthermore, specific single-phase working fluids like mineral oil may introduce issues such as corrosion due to impurities encountered during the purification process [64].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li-Ion Battery Immersed Heat Pipe Cooling Technology for Electric Vehicles

Oh,

Lee,

Han

et al. 2023

Electronics

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Lithium-ion batteries, crucial in powering Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), face critical challenges in maintaining safety and efficiency. The quest for an effective Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) arises from critical concerns over the safety and efficiency of lithium-ion batteries, particularly in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). This study introduces a pioneering BTMS solution merging a two-phase immersion cooling system with heat pipes. Notably, the integration of NovecTM 649 as the dielectric fluid substantially mitigates thermal runaway-induced fire risks without requiring an additional power source. Comprehensive 1-D modeling, validated against AMESim (Advanced Modeling Environment for Simulation of Engineering Systems) simulations and experiments, investigates diverse design variable impacts on thermal resistance and evaporator temperature. At 10 W, 15 W, and 20 W heat inputs, the BTMS consistently maintained lithium-ion battery temperatures within the optimal range (approximately 27–34 °C). Optimized porosity (60%) and filling ratios (30–40%) minimized thermal resistance to 0.3848–0.4549 °C/W. This innovative system not only enhances safety but also improves energy efficiency by reducing weight, affirming its potential to revolutionize lithium-ion battery performance and address critical challenges in the field.

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Effects of mineral oil immersion cooling on IT equipment reliability and reliability enhancements to data center operations

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Optimization of dielectric oils for immersion liquid cooling of server rack

Optimization of dielectric oils for immersion liquid cooling of server rack

Heat Transfer Optimization of an Electronic Control Unit Immersed in Forced Liquid Coolant

Li-Ion Battery Immersed Heat Pipe Cooling Technology for Electric Vehicles

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