Effects of moderate and severe malnutrition in rats on splenic T lymphocyte subsets and activation assessed by flow cytometry

Cortés-Barberena, Edith; González‐Márquez, Humberto; Gómez-Olivares, José Luís; Ortiz-Muñiz, Rocío

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03649.x

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the present study, our data demonstrate that perinatal undernutrition induced changes in the morphometry of the splenic lymphoid follicles in endotoxemic rats. Our findings are in agreement with a previous study which reported that the spleen of adult rats is susceptible to undernutrition in early life [7] . In fact, the critical period of development of the spleen begins during gestation and the spleen acquires its characteristic shape early in the fetal period [7] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In animals, neonatal undernourishment (multideficient diet with 7% of protein) induced a decrease in in vitro nitric oxide release by alveolar macrophages of adult rats when compared with controls whose mothers had been fed a normal diet (23% of protein) [6] . Malnourished rats (litters with 16 pups), show reductions in the absolute and relative numbers of splenic lymphocyte subpopulations [7] . In fact, changes in immune cell dynamics are often observed when the organism is challenged by either infectious stressors, such as endotoxins or exotoxins of pathogens, or noninfectious stressors that activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [8] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate Physical Training Attenuates the Effects of Perinatal Undernutrition on the Morphometry of the Splenic Lymphoid Follicles in Endotoxemic Adult Rats

Moita

Lustosa²,

Silva³

et al. 2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background/Aims: Physical training is a well-known inducer of positive physiological adaptations. The effects of moderate physical training on the morphometry of splenic lymphoid follicles of endotoxemic rats submitted to a perinatal low-protein (LP) diet were evaluated. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mother’s diet (17% casein, control, C) and, undernourished (8% casein, LP diet). On postnatal day 63, the animals were submitted to moderate physical training (8 weeks, 5 days·week^–1, 60 min·day^–1, at 70% of VO_2max). After the physical training period, half of each group received an injection of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline. Plasma corticosterone concentration, blood differential leukocyte counts and splenic morphometric parameters were analyzed. Results: In undernourished toxemic (LP + LPS), LPS increased plasma corticosterone concentrations, but not in previously trained (LP + T + LPS) animals. Neutrophilia and lymphopenia in response to LPS was more pronounced in pups from undernourished mothers (LP + LPS). LP + LPS animals showed a higher increment (47.4%) in the number of lymphoid follicles, a reduction in the number and size of the splenic follicles, and in the marginal zone area. Those alterations were attenuated in trained animals (LP + T + LPS). Conclusions: Physical training attenuates the effects of nutritional programming on the splenic microanatomy by a mechanism that involves the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate Physical Training Attenuates the Effects of Perinatal Undernutrition on the Morphometry of the Splenic Lymphoid Follicles in Endotoxemic Adult Rats

Moita

Lustosa²,

Silva³

et al. 2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…The immediate consequence of this atrophy is leucopenia, decreased CD4/CD8 ratio and increased number of immature T cells in the periphery. Recently, Cortés-Barberena et al (36) observed that significant lower numbers of CD3+ lymphocytes were present in the spleen of moderately and severely malnourished rats. They also detected a considerable impairment of T cell activation characterized by decreased expression of CD25 and CD71 in these cells.…”

Section: Malnutrition Affects Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of malnutrition on immunity and infection

França¹,

Ishikawa²,

Zorzella-Pezavento³

et al. 2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

106

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Malnutrition may be a consequence of energy deficit or micronutrient deficiency. It is considered the most relevant risk factor for illness and death, particularly in developing countries. In this review we described the magnitude of this problem, as well as its direct effect on the immune system and how it results in higher susceptibility to infections. A special emphasis was given to experimental models used to investigate the relationship between undernutrition and immunity.Malnutrition is obviously a challenge that must be addressed to health authorities and the scientific community.

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“…DOI 10.1002/em because the prevalence of these degrees of malnutrition is higher than severe malnutrition. In addition, poor immunological response has been observed in moderate malnutrition [Cortés-Barberena et al, 2008].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increase micronuclei formation in peripheral blood from weanling well-nourished and malnourished rats

Ortiz

Medina

Cortés

et al. 2011

Environ. Mol. Mutagen.

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The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a widely used drug. In spite of this, there are few reports on its genotoxicity, and the results are controversial. Severe malnutrition is a complex condition that increases the susceptibility to infections. Consequently, drugs are extensively used in malnutrition cases. Experimental animal models have been widely used to study the effects of malnutrition. Neonatal rats were experimentally malnourished (UN) during lactation. The UN rats weighed 51.1% less than the well-nourished (WN) controls and had lower concentrations of serum protein and blood lipids. The micronucleus (MN) assay is useful for detecting chromosome damage induced by nutritional deficiencies. In vivo rodent MN assays have been widely used to screen genotoxic agents. In this study, we have evaluated the frequency of spontaneous and TMP-SMX-induced micronuclei in the peripheral blood of weanling (21 days of age) rats using a flow cytometric analysis technique. The spontaneous frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) was 2.7 times greater in the UN rats than in the WN rats. In rats that were not treated with TMP-SMX, the percentage of reticulocytes was significantly lower (41.1%) in the UN rats than the WN controls. A therapeutic dose of TMP-SMX (80 mg/kg (TMP), 400 mg/kg (SMX) for 48 hr) increased MN-RETs in the WN and in the UN rats. The data demonstrate the genotoxic effect of this drug. The results indicate that severe protein-calorie restriction and drug treatment enhance DNA damage in rat peripheral blood reticulocytes, potentially increasing the risk of negative effects on health.

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Effects of moderate and severe malnutrition in rats on splenic T lymphocyte subsets and activation assessed by flow cytometry

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Moderate Physical Training Attenuates the Effects of Perinatal Undernutrition on the Morphometry of the Splenic Lymphoid Follicles in Endotoxemic Adult Rats

Moderate Physical Training Attenuates the Effects of Perinatal Undernutrition on the Morphometry of the Splenic Lymphoid Follicles in Endotoxemic Adult Rats

Impact of malnutrition on immunity and infection

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increase micronuclei formation in peripheral blood from weanling well-nourished and malnourished rats

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