Effects of moisture content on coal analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is regarded as a very promising technique for fast or online coal analysis. However, the analytical performance is greatly influenced by its moisture content. In the present work, the effects of moisture content variations on the properties of the laser-induced plasma and its spectral signals were investigated using the same coal samples mixed with different moisture contents. Plasma morphology and spatially resolved spectra were also obtained to further investigate the effects, and the mechanism of the effects was also discussed. Results showed that most of the spectral line intensities decreased as the moisture content increased, even including those of H and O. Seen from the spatially resolved spectra, the profile of H intensity over the height of plasma showed a higher peak position with increasing moisture content, and the height of the peak of the H intensity profile was slightly higher than those of other elements such as C and Al. The laser ablation process and mechanism underlying the effects of moisture content were proposed as following: part of the moisture was evaporated first under laser radiation and ablated earlier than those of other coal materials. Consequently, the outside layer of the laser-induced plasma was mostly from the dissociation of moisture. Given the earlier evaporation of moisture, part of the energy was used to dissociate and ionize the surrounding water vapor or even reflected by the splashed particle caused by fast expanding moisture, thereby shielding the further absorption of laser energy to the solid coal material. This phenomenon resulted in less coal mass being actually ablated into the plasma with increasing moisture content, hence emitting smaller line intensities. On the other hand, the decrease in H line intensity may be caused by the fact that these elements were pushed to the outside cooler layer.

Fast detection of tobacco mosaic virus infected tobacco using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…In contrast, the moisture content in fresh samples might increase the unevenness of sample surface. Secondly, the moisture content in fresh samples might increase the instability of the plasma, as the evaporation of water generated might splash melted particles 8 .…”

“…With the increase of moisture content, most spectral intensities decrease greatly and some emission lines even disappear. Furthermore, high moisture content might worsen the signal stability and lower the signal-to-background rate when analysing coal with LIBS 8 . In this study, we utilized LIBS to detect TMV-infected tobacco with different symptoms and analyse influences of moisture content.…”

Qualitative discrimination of coal aerosols by using the statistical evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data

“…Among the most prominent observed lines in this range were CN bands, Ca and N peaks -other spectral features had small intensities. It is expected that the spectral intensities observed also depend on the water and volatile matter content of coal samples [42][43][44].…”

Novel Applications of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

“…Reproduced with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry, copyright 2015. 44 of moisture on the LIBS analysis. 44 Coal is often analyzed in ''as received'' form, which can include a wide range of moisture concentrations.…”

“…As an example of the practical problems of coal analysis, a recent paper by Zhe Wang's group investigated the impact of moisture on the LIBS analysis. 44 Coal is often analyzed in “as received” form, which can include a wide range of moisture concentrations. It is important to understand the requirement for drying the coal before analysis, if there is one.…”