Effects of Mono-And Dianhydrides on Thermal and Mechanical Properties Enhancement of Polybenzoxazine: A Property Comparison

Abstract

Recent development of polybenzoxazines focuses primarily on broadening their thermal and mechanical properties such as their glass transition temperature, thermal degradation temperature as well as their flexibility and toughness. In this work, we have demonstrated that the incorporation of mono-or dianhydrides can improve both properties of polybenzoxazines but with different manner. Polybenzoxazine property enhancement by phthalic anhydride, PA, (monofunction) and pyromellitic dianhydride, PMDA, (bifunction) are systematically investigated and compared. It was observed that both mono-and dianhydrides can form covalent bonds through ester linkages with benzoxazine resin as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic technique. From thermogravimetric studies, degradation temperature of both anhydrides modified polybenzoxazines shows substantial improvement with increasing the amount of the anhydrides. Furthermore, char formation of the polybenzoxazine copolymers exhibits synergistic behavior with an addition of the dianhydride whereas that of monoanhydride-modified system shows a linear increase. On the other hand, it was found that tensile strength and elongation at break of monoanhydride modified polybenzoxazine are significantly greater than those of dianhydride-modified system comparing at the same mole fraction of the modifiers. However, tensile moduli of PA-and PMDA-modified polybenzoxazines are about the same and reveal an increasing trend with an addition of both types of anhydrides. The above results suggest effective methods to improve thermal properties of the polybenzoxazine with an incorporation of the dianhydride while better mechanical properties require monoanhydride as a polybenzoxazine modifier. The resulting copolymers can be used as high temperature matrix for carbon or glass fiber reinforced composite products.

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

“…In general, PBzs emerged as a promising class of thermoset polymers exhibiting versatility in a wide range of applications including adhesives [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], flame resistant polymers [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], cathodic material in batteries [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], coatings [ 14 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], materials for aerospace applications [ 29 ], carbon dioxide adsorbent [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], detection of metal ions [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], 3D printing [ 39 ] and electronics [ 40 , 41 ]. Besides effective compatibilization with many polymers, they also offer notable properties such as good mechanical strength [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], high thermal stability [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], flame retardance […”

Adhesive Films Based on Benzoxazine Resins and the Photoreactive Epoxyacrylate Copolymer

“…Moreover, the characteristic oxazine rings can be used to form a cross-linking network. Polybenzoxazines have outstanding properties, such as high glass transition temperature, high thermal stability, low water absorption, and excellent mechanical performance [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Therefore, they have a huge research and industrial application potential for various purposes, e.g., as components of self-healing systems (smart materials) [ 13 ]; as materials for space radiation shields [ 4 ]; as materials for aerospace application [ 14 ]; and as coatings, sealants and adhesives and others [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”