Effects of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Dementia

Yanai, Hidekatsu

doi:10.14740/jocmr2815w

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Therefore, appropriate supplementation of EPA or DHA can improve cognitive impairment in elderly individuals [37]. Long-term dietary intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA) can improve the ability of learning and memory by regulating fatty acid content in the brain of patients with mild memory or cognitive impairment [38]. However, excessive proportions of n-6/n-3 fatty acids in the diet can cause mental retardation and brain damage like in Alzheimer's disease [39], and the decreased ratio of the n-6/n-3 fatty acid can help to regulate brain innate immune system activity, resist LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent spatial memory changes [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut Oil Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model

Liao

Nai

et al. 2020

Molecules

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For thousands of years, it has been widely believed that walnut is a kind of nut that has benefits for the human body. Walnut oil, accounting for about 70% of walnut, mainly consists of polyunsaturated fatty acids. To investigate the effect of walnut oil on memory impairment in mice, scopolamine (3 mg/kg body weight/d) was used to establish the animal model during Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. Walnut oil was administrated orally at 10 mL/kg body weight/d for 8 consecutive weeks. The results showed that walnut oil treatment ameliorated the behavior of the memory-impaired mice in the MWM test. Additionally, walnut oil obviously inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity (1.26 ± 0.12 U/mg prot) (p = 0.013) and increased choline acetyltransferase activity (129.75 ± 6.76 U/mg tissue wet weight) in the brains of scopolamine-treated mice (p = 0.024), suggesting that walnut oil could prevent cholinergic function damage in mice brains. Furthermore, walnut oil remarkably prevented the decrease in total superoxide dismutase activity (93.30 ± 5.50 U/mg prot) (p = 0.006) and glutathione content (110.45 ± 17.70 mg/g prot) (p = 0.047) and the increase of malondialdehyde content (13.79 ± 0.96 nmol/mg prot) (p = 0.001) in the brain of scopolamine-treated mice, indicating that walnut oil could inhibit oxidative stress in the brain of mice. Furthermore, walnut oil prevented histological changes of neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions induced by scopolamine. These findings indicate that walnut oil could prevent memory impairment in mice, which might be a potential way for the prevention of memory dysfunctions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut Oil Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model

Liao

Nai

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…Omega -3 fatty acids like α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid have anti-inflammatory effects and neuroprotective actions which may be beneficial to AD. 32 Current study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of dietary oils like VCO and SO-enriched through diet in alleviating cognitive dysfunction induced by i.c.v administration of colchicine. The gas chromatographic analysis showed that VCO contains 54.48% of medium chain fatty acids (C6-C12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Colchicine Induced Cognitive Dysfunction- A Preclinical Study

2020

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Background : Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been identified as a potential cognitive strengthener associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It contains medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) which are absorbed and easily metabolized by the liver to form ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are converted to acetyl Co-A in the brain which then enters the citric acid cycle to provide ATP and also serves as precursors of acetylcholine in neurons. Sunflower oil (SO) contains poly unsaturated fatty acids which has both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. To compare the neuroprotective effects of VCO and SO on biochemical parameters involved in the cognitive dysfunction induced by colchicine through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) route.To assess the role of polyphenols and MCFA present in VCO in preventing oxidative stress and its influence on in neuroprotection and memory enhancement. Methods: In the present study, we induced dementia through i.c.v injection of colchicine after giving the diet enriched VCO and SO in rats for 60 days. Rats were sacrificed on the 22nd day after the administration of colchicine. Behavioral parameters were assessed during the study period and biochemical estimations were performed using frontal cortex and hippocampus isolated from rat brain. Results: From the memory and learning tests by Morris water maze, VCO treated group performed better than SO treated rats. VCO reversed the antagonistic effects induced by colchicine by decreasing the acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels and increasing the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase. SO only reduced malondialdehyde levels in cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion: The results demonstrated potential beneficiary effects of VCO in the cognitive dysfunction induced by colchicine by enhancing acetylcholine levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and also by reducing oxidative stress induced by physiological oxidants.

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“…Recent reports demonstrates a significant association of ALA with dementia. Serum ALA level is inversely associated with risk of disabling dementia (Devassy, Leng, Gabbs, Monirujjaman, & Aukema, ; Yanai, ). AA is important in learning and memory and can increase neuronal firing in hippocampal neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based metabolomics study of rattan stems of Schisandra chinensis effects on Alzheimer's disease rats model

Yang

Tan

Liu

et al. 2017

Biomedical Chromatography

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A UPLC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics method was established to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of rattan stems of S. chinensis (SCS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental AD model was induced by intra-hippocampal Aβ injection in rats. Cognitive function and oxidative stress condition in brain of AD rats were assessed using Morris water maze tests and antioxidant assays [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)], respectively. UPLC-TOF/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to study the changes in metabolic networks in serum of rats. The results indicated that the AD model was established successfully and the inducement of Aβ caused a decline in spatial learning and memory of rats. The injection of Aβ in rat brains significantly elevated the level of MDA, and reduced SOD and GSH-Px activities. In addition, SCS showed significant anti-AD effects on model rats. A total of 30 metabolites were finally identified as potential biomarkers of AD and 14 of them had a significant recovery compared with the AD model after SCS administration. Changes in AD metabolite profiling were restored to different levels through the regulation of 13 pathways. This is first report on the use of the UPLC-TOF/MS-based serum metabolomics method to investigate therapeutic effects of SCS on AD, and enrich potential biomarkers and metabolic networks of AD.

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Effects of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Dementia

Cited by 46 publications

References 50 publications

Walnut Oil Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model

Walnut Oil Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in a Mouse Model

Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Colchicine Induced Cognitive Dysfunction- A Preclinical Study

A UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based metabolomics study of rattan stems of Schisandra chinensis effects on Alzheimer's disease rats model

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