Effects of Na-butyrate supplementation in milk formula on plasma concentrations of GH and insulin, and on rumen papilla development in calves

Kato, Shin; Sato, Kei; Chida, Haruka; Roh, Sang Gun; Ohwada, Shyuichi; Sato, Shusuke; Guilloteau, Paul; Katoh, K.

doi:10.1530/joe-11-0299

Cited by 48 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…NeoTec5g contains a specific blend of functional fatty acids that are primarily butyric, lauric, myristic, and linolenic acid. These fatty acids have been shown to have function in the immune and digestive systems and for growth in calves, and are typically in low concentrations of the diets fed to calves (Hill et al, 2009aKato et al, 2011). The MOD rate of MR was fed at 0.66 kg of DM for 49 d. The AGG rate of MR was fed for 4 d at 0.66 kg of DM, 4 d at 0.96 kg of DM, then 34 d at 1.31 kg of DM, followed by 0.66 kg of DM for the last 7 d. The MR feedings were divided into 2 equal morning and evening meals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A balance of AA (Hill et al, 2007b(Hill et al, , 2008 and fatty acids Kato et al, 2011;Esselburn et al, 2013) have been reported to optimize growth and health of calves, and many MR in the United States lack specific fatty acids (i.e., butyric and linolenic acids) for optimum growth and health of calves. Butyric and linolenic acid are functional in the immune and digestive systems Esselburn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Butyric and linolenic acid are functional in the immune and digestive systems Esselburn et al, 2013). Butyric acid stimulates the maturation of pancreatic enzymes (Guilloteau et al, 2009;Górka et al, 2011;Kato et al, 2011) and rumen papillae, both digestive components that may be delayed in calves fed large amounts of milk or MR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of milk replacer feeding rate and functional fatty acids on dairy calf performance and digestion of nutrients

Hill

Quigley

Suarez-Mena

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Calves fed large amounts of milk replacer (MR) gain more body weight preweaning than calves fed less MR; however, postweaning growth may be reduced because of impaired digestion of nutrients. This was explored in the current research, as was the inclusion of functional fatty acids (NT) that could ameliorate some poor growth and digestion issues in calves fed large amounts of MR. Two MR rates [moderate (MOD) or aggressive (AGG)] with and without NT were compared using 48 male Holstein calves initially 3d old (43±1.5kg of body weight) randomly assigned to treatments. The MOD rate was fed at 0.66kg of dry matter (DM) for 49d. The AGG rate was fed for 4d at 0.66kg of DM, 4d at 0.96kg of DM, then 34d at 1.31kg of DM, followed by 0.66kg of DM for the last 7d. Calves were completely weaned at 49d. The MR contained 27% crude protein and 17% fat. The textured starter was 20% crude protein. Starter and water were fed free-choice for the first 56d when calves were housed in individual pens. From 56 to 112d, calves were grouped (4 calves/pen), maintaining the same MR rate and NT treatments, and fed starter blended with 5% chopped grass hay free-choice with free-choice water. Digestibility was estimated from fecal collections made on d 19 to 23, 40 to 44, and 52 to 56. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of MR rate and NT using repeated measures with a mixed procedure. Fiber and starch digestion increased with age and was lower for AGG versus MOD. Calf average daily gain and hip width change were greater before approximately 6wk of age for AGG versus MOD, but this was reversed from approximately 6 to 16wk. Calves fed AGG had lower average daily gain per unit intake of DM, crude protein, and metabolizable energy from 8 to 16wk than calves fed MOD. Preweaning starter intake was less for calves fed AGG versus MOD. Calves fed AGG had greater body weight gain than MOD over 112d, but hip width change did not differ. Feeding NT improved digestibility of organic matter, DM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber (over 50% improvement for neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber), which resulted in 10.7kg (13%) more body weight gain and 1.4cm (16%) more hip width change over 112d. This was a greater improvement in growth than the difference in AGG and MOD programs over 112d.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of milk replacer feeding rate and functional fatty acids on dairy calf performance and digestion of nutrients

Hill

Quigley

Suarez-Mena

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…These effects have been related to the promotion of energy expenditure through enhanced mitochondrial expression of PGC-1␣ and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (13). A recent study has shown that butyrate supplementation of milk formula given to preweaning calves improved insulin sensitivity (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tributyrin attenuates obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat-fed mice

Vinolo

Rodrigues

Festuccia

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

138

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-The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with tributyrin (Tb; a butyrate prodrug) results in protection against diet-induced obesity and associated insulin resistance. C57BL/6 male mice fed a standard chow or high-fat diet were treated with Tb (2 g/kg body wt, 10 wk) and evaluated for glucose homeostasis, plasma lipid profile, and inflammatory status. Tb protected mice against obesity and obesityassociated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia without food consumption being affected. Tb attenuated the production of TNF␣ and IL-1␤ by peritoneal macrophages and their expression in adipose tissue. Furthermore, in the adipose tissue, Tb reduced the expression of MCP-1 and infiltration by leukocytes and restored the production of adiponectin. These effects were associated with a partial reversion of hepatic steatosis, reduction in liver and skeletal muscle content of phosphorylated JNK, and an improvement in muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and Akt signaling. Although part of the beneficial effects of Tb are likely to be secondary to the reduction in body weight, we also found direct protective actions of butyrate reducing TNF␣ production after LPS injection and in vitro by LPS-or palmitic acid-stimulated macrophages and attenuating lipolysis in vitro and in vivo. The results, reported herein, suggest that Tb may be useful for the treatment and prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders.butyrate; macrophages; diabetes; cytokines; white adipose tissue THE CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION associated with obesity plays a central role as a link between excessive fat accumulation and the development of pathologies (20). In obesity, adipose tissue is markedly infiltrated by proinflammatory macrophages and other leukocytes that secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (20,41,50). The overproduction of these inflammatory mediators together with changes in adipokine production and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels leads to the development of insulin resistance. In addition to adipose tissue, several organs, including the liver (1) and hypothalamus (28), develop a proinflammatory profile in response to the excessive nutrient supply. This systemic inflammatory state is associated with the activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as JUN NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) and IB kinase-␤ (IKK␤) that in turn phosphorylate serine residues in the insulin receptor substrate, inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation and the interaction with phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (19,21).In accord with an important role of inflammation in the development of obesity-associated diseases, whole body deletion of intracellular kinases activated upon inflammation, namely JNK (18) and IKK␤ (1), and pharmacological treatment with anti-inflammatory agents such as -3 fatty acids and salsalate, a salicylate derivate, were demonstrated to protect mice from the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding and obesity on insulin sensitivity (16,32).Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced during fermentation o...

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“…In principle, the direct infusion of butyrate should be able to confer the beneficial effects similar to that induced by the butyrate-producing bacteria. The supplementation of butyrate salts is found to exert a wide range of beneficial effects to pre-and post-weaning calves and piglets, including the improvement of the gut barrier function, immune system, digestibility, and growth rate (Kato et al 2011, Kotunia et al 2004. This has been performed in human adults via oral administration of butyrate tablets (Roda et al 2007, Vernia et al 2000, butyrateproducing precursors such as tributyrin (Conley et al 1998, Vanhoutvin et al 2009 or rectal enemas (Scheppach et al 1992).…”

Section: Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-feeding interactions of gut symbionts driven by human milk oligosaccharidesand mucins

Chia¹

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Chapter 4Microbial metabolic networks at the mucus layer lead to dietindependent butyrate and vitamin B12 production by intestinal symbionts 71 Chapter 5Deciphering trophic interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and the butyrogenic gut commensal Anaerostipes caccae using a metatranscriptomic approach 97 Chapter 6General discussion 123 Chapter 7 Thesis summary & Nederlandse samenvatting 143 Appendices References 153Co-author affiliations 179Acknowledgements 183About the author 184List of publications 185 VLAG training activities 186Chapter 1 General introduction and thesis outlineChapter 1 2 General introductionHumans can be considered holobionts, consisting of cells from the host and an even larger number of microorganisms (Postler and Ghosh 2017). The majority of microbes are residing in the gut (Sender et al 2016). The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes and viruses (Clemente et al 2012). Over 2000 species-level phylotypes (prokaryotes including bacteria and archaea) have been detected for the gut microbiota, with each individual estimated to host at least 160 species (Qin et al 2010, Zoetendal et al 2008. The gut microbiota may impact the well-being of human and susceptibility for diseases by interacting with our metabolic, immune and neurological system (Honda and Littman 2016, Koh et al 2016, Rogers et al 2016. Furthermore, the gut microbiota contributes to a variety of metabolic functions and can be seen as an essential part of our digestive system (El Kaoutari et al 2013). Bacterial symbionts allow the human hosts to utilise inaccessible nutrients by converting complex substrates to short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and vitamins (Fisher et al 2017). Bacterial-derived SCFAs are estimated to contribute about 10% of our daily caloric requirement (Bergman 1990). While all SCFAs are vital for maintaining gut homeostasis, butyrate is of particular interest because it has been attributed to a range of health-promoting functions. Butyrate is the primary energy source for colonic epithelial cells and is associated with the enhancement of colonic barrier function, increase of satiety, pain relief, anti-inflammatory responses, and protection against colorectal cancer (Banasiewicz et al 2013, Bolognini et al 2016, Donohoe et al 2011, Furusawa et al 2013, Goncalves and Martel 2013.Considering the physiological benefits of butyrate to human health, this thesis investigates the microbial interaction of gut symbionts that support butyrate production driven primarily by the host produced glycans in human milk and mucus. Glycans are compounds consisting of an array of glycosidically linked monosaccharides (monosaccharides and disaccharides are collectively termed sugars) such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) and mucins (Varki and Kornfeld 2017). HMOS present in mother milk are the major compositional and functional driver of the infant gut microbiota (Backhed et al 2015). Mucin glycans covering the intestinal lining create a stable niche for bacterial coloni...

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Effects of Na-butyrate supplementation in milk formula on plasma concentrations of GH and insulin, and on rumen papilla development in calves

Cited by 48 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of milk replacer feeding rate and functional fatty acids on dairy calf performance and digestion of nutrients

Effect of milk replacer feeding rate and functional fatty acids on dairy calf performance and digestion of nutrients

Tributyrin attenuates obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat-fed mice

Cross-feeding interactions of gut symbionts driven by human milk oligosaccharidesand mucins

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