Effects of nanotopography on the in vitro hemocompatibility of nanocrystalline diamond coatings

Abstract

Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings have been investigated for improved wear resistance and enhanced hemocompatibility of cardiovascular devices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of NCD surface nanotopography on in vitro hemocompatibility. NCD coatings with small (NCD-S) and large (NCD-L) grain sizes were deposited using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle testing, and Raman spectroscopy. NCD-S coatings exhibited average grain sizes of 50-80 nm (RMS 5.8 nm), while NCD-L coatings exhibited average grain sizes of 200-280 nm (RMS 23.1 nm). In vitro hemocompatibility testing using human blood included protein adsorption, hemolysis, nonactivated partial thromboplastin time, platelet adhesion, and platelet activation. Both NCD coatings demonstrated low protein adsorption, a nonhemolytic response, and minimal activation of the plasma coagulation cascade. Furthermore, the NCD coatings exhibited low thrombogenicity with minimal platelet adhesion and aggregation, and similar morphological changes to surface-bound platelets (i.e., activation) in comparison to the HDPE negative control material. For all assays, there were no significant differences in the blood-material interactions of NCD-S versus NCD-L. The two tested NCD coatings, regardless of nanotopography, had similar hemocompatibility profiles compared to the negative control material (HDPE) and should be further evaluated for use in blood-contacting medical devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 253-264, 2017.

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Biocompatibility Assessment (Blood and Tissue) of Three-Dimensional Bacterial Nanocellulose Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Implants

“…For haemolysis, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and plastisol were used as negative and positive controls, respectively, as both of them are recommended by the ASTM standard protocol and ISO 10993-12; 37,38 furthermore, HDPE was used as a control in the thrombogenicity test because it has demonstrated superior blood biocompatibility 39 . For haemolysis, HDPE is inert and hydrophobic and has sliding properties, which reduce its contact with red blood cells 39–41 , avoiding their lysis; for thrombogenicity, among the materials tested, HDPE induces the lowest generation of factor XII and kallikrein, reducing the contact activation of blood and intrinsic coagulation 42 .…”

Structure and properties of composite surface layers produced on NiTi shape memory alloy by a hybrid method

“…Carbon-based coatings are singled out as being capable of providing good hemocompatibility and reduce blood clotting in particular. The most commonly produced coatings include: a-CH type amorphous carbon coatings [ 37 – 39 ], nanocrystalline diamond coatings [ 40 ] and carbon nanotubes [ 39 ]. Presumably, chemical composition plays a major role in reducing platelet adhesion.…”

“…Presumably, chemical composition plays a major role in reducing platelet adhesion. However, its correlation with other factors has to be taken into account [ 40 ].…”

“…They associated it with albumin adsorption which, in their opinion, is facilitated on smoother surfaces and which in turn inhibits platelet adhesion. At the same time, there are studies that show a lack of influence of surface topography on the adhesion of blood platelets on the biomaterial surface [ 8 , 40 ]. In the present study, the a-C(Ag) + TiO 2 surface layer was shown to increase surface roughness, which turned out to have a favorable effect on NiTi in terms of its hemocompatibility.…”

Neuro‐Nano Interfaces: Utilizing Nano‐Coatings and Nanoparticles to Enable Next‐Generation Electrophysiological Recording, Neural Stimulation, and Biochemical Modulation

“…[71][72] Unlike CNT coatings, or other carbon-based electrodes, boron-doped diamond (BDD) systems are particularly noteworthy because of their tremendous physico-chemical and operational stability under physiological conditions. The nanoscale surface-roughness and topography of nanocrystalline diamond products demonstrate low protein adsorption and non-hemolytic response, [73] which are all beneficial in designing the surface chemistry and activity of implanted electrodes. Piret et al investigated BDD as a material for electrodes used in neural implants (Figure 3).…”