Effects of natural raw meal (NRM) on high-fat diet and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6J mice

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESColitis is a serious health problem, and chronic obesity is associated with the progression of colitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of natural raw meal (NRM) on high-fat diet (HFD, 45%) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 2% w/v)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice.MATERIALS/METHODSBody weight, colon length, and colon weight-to-length ratio, were measured directly. Serum levels of obesity-related biomarkers, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined using commercial kits. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were detected using a commercial ELISA kit. Histological study was performed using a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining assay. Colonic mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by RT-PCR assay.RESULTSBody weight and obesity-related biomarkers (TG, TC, LDL, HDL, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin) were regulated and obesity was prevented in NRM treated mice. NRM significantly suppressed colon shortening and reduced colon weight-to-length ratio in HFD+DSS induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice (P < 0.05). Histological observations suggested that NRM reduced edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by HFD and DSS. In addition, NRM decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibited the mRNA expressions of these cytokines, and iNOS and COX-2 in colon mucosa (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that NRM has an anti-inflammatory effect against HFD and DSS-induced colitis in mice, and that these effects are due to the amelioration of HFD and/or DSS-induced inflammatory reactions.

Whole grain cereal attenuates obesity-induced muscle atrophy by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in obese C57BL/6N mice

“…Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of WGC on various health problems, including the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, and cancer [11,12]. A recent study observed for the first time that c-oryzanol, a major component of brown rice, influenced the proliferation of muscle satellite cells [25].…”

“…Whole grain cereal (WGC)-based food products are a source of beneficial minerals, vitamins, and other phytochemicals, which are required for to maintain health, as well as of macronutrients required for body maintenance and support [11]. Previous studies have shown the functional effects of WGC on various health problems, including the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, and cancer [11,12]. The present study demonstrates that WGC attenuates obesity-related skeletal muscle atrophy by stimulating PI3K/Akt pathway signaling.…”

Effect of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaf Extract on Chronic Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice

“…Although the pathogenesis of UC is not completely understood, immune disorders caused by complications of genetic and environmental factors (e.g., eating habits and intestinal bacterial flora) are considered to be responsible for the development and exacerbation of UC. 1,2) Intake of a high-fat diet has been shown cause an elevation of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)induced colitis, 3) a pathological model of UC, and is associated with the development of UC. 4) In fact, the prevalence of UC is rising, particularly in countries where the intake of high-fat diets is increasing.…”

Effect of Saengshik Supplementation on the Gut Microbial Composition of Healthy Korean Adults: A Single-Group Pilot Study

“…Commercially-available Saengshik mainly comprises 30-60 types of whole grains, vegetables, seaweeds, mushrooms, and other minor plant-based ingredients. Due to the process of freeze-drying or low-temperature drying of its ingredients, Saengshik preserves various nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals in raw materials (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Additionally, Saengshik consumption has increased based on its advantage of allowing convenient consumption of various plant-derived raw materials.…”

“…Saengshik also exhibits various bioactive functions, including antidiabetic (4,5), anti-dyslipidemic, antioxidant (4,6), and anticancer (7,8) activities. Furthermore, Shin et al (9) reported that Seangshik supplementation attenuated colitis in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. These beneficial effects might be attributed to the functional ingredients of plant-based foods, such as phytochemicals, minerals, vitamins, and dietary fibers.…”