Effects of near-ultraviolet light on the nocturnal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity of rat pineal gland

Zawilska, Jolanta B.; Rosiak, Jolanta; Nowak, Jerzy Z.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00085-8

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…5‐HT (not competitively) and NAS and melatonin (competitively) inhibit TDO 43 while KYNA, similarly to the exogenous NMDA antagonist, ketamine, may inhibit 5‐HT‐ N ‐acetylation, the rate‐limiting step of melatonin biosynthesis 44 …”

Section: Post‐kynurenine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome, age‐associated neuroendocrine disorders, and dysregulation of tryptophan—kynurenine metabolism

Oxenkrug

2010

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

190

165

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The neuroendocrine theory of aging identified a cluster of conditions (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes type 2, menopause, late onset depression, vascular cognitive impairment, impairment of immune defense, and some forms of cancer, e.g., breast and prostate) as age-associated neuroendocrine disorders (AAND). Obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes were later described as metabolic syndromes (MetS). Chronic inflammation is currently considered as a common feature of MetS/AAND. One of the mechanisms by which chronic inflammation might trigger and/or maintain the development of MetS/AAND is transcriptional induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan (TRY)-kynurenine (KYN) pathway, by pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC). Activation of IDO shifts TRY metabolism from serotonin synthesis to formation of "kynurenines." Diminished serotonin production is associated with mental depression while increased formation of kynurenines might contribute to development of MetS/AAND via their apoptotic, neurotoxic, and pro-oxidative effects, and upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin, 5-lipoxygenase, and leukotriene cascade. The combined presence of high producers of alleles of polymorphic PIC genes (e.g., interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) might account for the genetic predisposition to high levels of PIC production, leading to "superinduction" of IDO. The other rate-limiting enzyme of the TRY-KYN pathway, TRY 2,3-dioxygenase, is activated by substrate (TRY) and cortisol. Therefore, KYN-TRY metabolism might be the meeting point for gene-environment interaction and a new target for prevention and treatment of MetS/AAND.

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Section: Post‐kynurenine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome, age‐associated neuroendocrine disorders, and dysregulation of tryptophan—kynurenine metabolism

Oxenkrug

2010

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

190

165

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“…In line with this, it has been demonstrated that in the rat pineal gland the white-lightinduced rapid decline in NAT activity and in the amount of immunoreactive NAT protein results from NAT degradation through proteasomal proteolysis [28]. Furthermore, cycloheximide, a protein-synthesis inhibitor, given to rats 1 h after a short exposure to UV-A light before midnight, significantly attenuated (by 50%) the process of reactivation of the pineal NAT activity [21]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…2b). Noteworthy, the described patterns of the changes in the pineal NAT activity evoked by UV-A light administered during the first and second half of the dark phase resembled those induced by short pulses of broad-band visible light [18,21,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Near-Ultraviolet (UV-A) Light on Melatonin Biosynthesis in Vertebrate Pineal Gland

Zawilska

Rosiak²,

Nowak³

1999

Neurosignals

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The effects of near-ultraviolet (UV-A) irradiation on nocturnal activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT; a key regulatory enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis) in the pineal gland of the rat and chick were investigated. Exposure of the animals to UV-A during the 4th or 5th hour of the dark phase of the 12:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle suppressed the night-driven NAT activity in a time-dependent manner, the effects being generally more pronounced in rats than in chicks. The UV-A-evoked suppression of the nocturnal NAT activity was completely restored within 2 h (chicks) or 3 h (rats) in animals which, after irradiation, were returned to darkness. When a short UV-A pulse was applied to the animals after midnight, it induced a decrease in the enzyme activity in both species; yet, the effect was readily reversible only in chicks. The results presented here, as well as other data, demonstrate that UV-A light is a powerful signal affecting the pineal melatonin-generating system both in mammals and avians, and that the involved mechanisms may differ in the tested species.

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“…Preparation of rat retinal and pineal gland extracts. Rat retinas and pineal glands were isolated as described by Zawilska et al (1997). Briefly, the animals were killed in the light phase of a 24 h lighting cycle (preceded by 0.5 h adaptation to darkness) by decapita-tion and their pineal glands and retinas were quickly isolated under dim red light (intensity about 4 luxes).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

p19 detected in the rat retina and pineal gland is a guanylyl cyclase-activating protein (GCAP).

Dejda

Matczak²,

Gorczyca

2002

Acta Biochim Pol

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The Ca(2+)-dependent activation of retina-specific guanylyl cyclase (retGC) is mediated by guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs). Here we report for the first time detection of a 19 kDa protein (p19) with GCAP properties in extracts of rat retina and pineal gland. Both extracts stimulate synthesis of cGMP in rod outer segment (ROS) membranes at low (30 nM) but not at high (1 microM) concentrations of Ca(2+). At low Ca(2+), immunoaffinity purified p19 activates guanylyl cyclase(s) in bovine ROS and rat retinal membranes. Moreover, p19 is recognized by antibodies against bovine GCAP1 and, similarly to other GCAPs, exhibits a Ca(2+)-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift.

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Effects of near-ultraviolet light on the nocturnal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity of rat pineal gland

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Metabolic syndrome, age‐associated neuroendocrine disorders, and dysregulation of tryptophan—kynurenine metabolism

Metabolic syndrome, age‐associated neuroendocrine disorders, and dysregulation of tryptophan—kynurenine metabolism

Effects of Near-Ultraviolet (UV-A) Light on Melatonin Biosynthesis in Vertebrate Pineal Gland

p19 detected in the rat retina and pineal gland is a guanylyl cyclase-activating protein (GCAP).

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