Effects of nebulised magnesium sulphate on inflammation and function of the guinea-pig airway

Abstract

Magnesium sulphate is a potential treatment for acute severe asthma. However, the mechanisms and dose-response relationships are poorly understood. The first objective of this study was to examine whether inhaled magnesium sulphate exerts bronchodilator activity measured as bronchoprotection against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea-pigs alone and combined with salbutamol. Secondly, we examined whether inhaled magnesium sulphate inhibits airways inflammation and function in models of neutrophilic and eosinophilic lung inflammation induced, respectively, by inhaled lipopolysaccharide or the inhaled antigen, ovalbumin (OVA). Airway function was measured in conscious guinea-pigs as specific airway conductance (sG) by whole-body plethysmography. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured against lung inflammatory cell influx induced by OVA inhalation in OVA-sensitised animals or by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure of non-sensitised animals. Airway function (sG) was measured over 24h after OVA exposure. Airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled histamine and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were recorded 24h after OVA or LPS challenge. Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction was inhibited by inhaled magnesium sulphate or salbutamol alone and in combination, they produced synergistic bronchoprotection. LPS-induced neutrophil influx was inhibited by 6 days pretreatment with magnesium sulphate. Early and late asthmatic responses in OVA sensitised and challenged animals were attenuated by magnesium sulphate. Lung inflammatory cells were increased by OVA, macrophages being significantly reduced by magnesium sulphate. Nebulised magnesium sulphate protects against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea-pigs and exerts anti-inflammatory activity against pulmonary inflammation induced by allergen (OVA) or LPS. These properties of magnesium sulphate explain its beneficial actions in acute asthma.

Magnesium enhances the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting activated macrophage-induced inflammation

“…Several studies have shown that magnesium deficiency increases the production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6) and that this effect is accompanied by the sensitization of cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and endothelial cells 14 , 17 , 24 – 26 . The development of cartilage injury-induced arthritis involves a series of immune responses that mobilize various types of immune cells into the wound site and activate host defences and tissue repair.…”

Hypomagnesemia in critically ill patients

“…Mg is established treatment of resistant asthma attacks [ 96 , 97 ]. Mg increases the effect of salbutamol [ 98 ] through inhibiting Ca 2+ influx by blocking the voltage-dependent calcium channels which then relaxes the smooth muscle [ 28 ]. Mg also has an immunoregulatory effect by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting synthesis of prostacyclin and nitric oxide which stimulates broncho- and vasodilatation [ 99 , 100 ].…”

Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19

“…Magnesium, an essential substance for basic biochemical reaction, participates in a cluster of normal physiological function and metabolism, such as the transport of potassium ion or calcium ion ( Flatman, 1984 ; Komiya and Runnels, 2015 ), energy metabolism, protein and nucleic acid synthesis ( Ohyama, 2019 ; Sissi and Palumbo, 2009 ). Magnesium also has anti-inflammation ( Abiri and Vafa, 2020 ; Eshraghi et al, 2015 ; Han et al, 2018 ; Kao et al, 2011 ; Ozen et al, 2020 ; Rochelson et al, 2007 ; Turner et al, 2017 ), anti-oxidation ( Güzel et al, 2019 ; Kao et al, 2011 ), anti-spasm ( Güzel et al, 2019 ; Yen and Thwaites, 2019 ), vasodilation ( Shimosawa et al, 2004 ; Wang et al, 2019 ), and neuroprotection ( Bachnas et al, 2019 ; Jameson and Bernstein, 2019 ). Therefore, magnesium homeostasis regulates reproductive system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, neurological system and respiratory system, etc, maintaining normal human health.…”