Effects of neutering on bodyweight, metabolic rate and glucose tolerance of domestic cats

Fettman, Martin J.; Stanton, Catherine; Banks, Laura; Hamar, Dwayne W.; Johnson, Dallas E.; Hegstad, Rebecca L.; Johnston, S. D.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90134-x

Cited by 161 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the current study, food-restricted TG concentrations increased in HP cats by week 24 following ovariohysterectomy. TG concentrations at week 0 in the current study were similar to those reported by Fettman et al (1997) after neutering. The increased blood TG concentrations were likely due to an adaptation to the gluconeogenic state of HP-fed cats, which enabled them to mobilize fat stores more quickly than the MP-fed ones.…”

Section: High-protein Diet Following Ovariohysterectomysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Other researchers have noted that ovariohysterectomized or neutered cats have increased insulin and leptin concentrations, with no change in glucose or TG concentrations (compared to intact cats) (Fettman et al, 1997;Kanchuk et al, 2003). In the current study, food-restricted glucose concentrations increased from week 0 to 24, suggesting decreased insulin sensitivity with weight gain; however, food-restricted blood insulin concentrations did not change over time.…”

Section: High-protein Diet Following Ovariohysterectomycontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Food intake and BW increased in all cats following ovariohysterectomy, as has been noted in other studies (Fettman et al, 1997;Harper et al, 2001;Kanchuk et al, 2003;Nguyen et al, 2004;Backus et al, 2007;Cave et al, 2007;Belsito et al, 2009). Earlier research has indicated that an estimated 20% to 30% reduction in food intake is needed to maintain BW of neutered cats (Flynn et al, 1996;Root et al, 1996;Belsito et al, 2009).…”

Section: High-protein Diet Following Ovariohysterectomysupporting

confidence: 63%

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Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Vester

Sutter

Keel

et al. 2009

Animal

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The objective of this study was to measure changes in body composition, physical activity and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression of cats fed a high-protein (HP) diet or moderate-protein (MP) diet, following ovariohysterectomy. Eight cats were randomized onto HP or MP diets and were fed those diets for several months prior to baseline. All cats underwent an ovariohysterectomy at baseline (week 0) and were allowed ad libitum access to dietary treatments for 24 weeks. Food intake was measured daily, and BW and body condition score were measured weekly. Blood, adipose and skeletal muscle tissue samples were collected, physical activity was measured, and body composition was determined using DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) at weeks 0, 12 and 24. Caloric intake increased soon after ovariohysterectomy, resulting in increased ( P , 0.05) BW at weeks 12 and 24 compared to week 0. Body condition score and body fat percentage increased ( P , 0.05) over time. Blood glucose increased ( P , 0.05) linearly over time. Non-esterified fatty acids were decreased ( P , 0.05) at weeks 12 and 24 compared to week 0. Blood leptin increased ( P , 0.05) over time. Total physical activity decreased ( P , 0.05) from week 0 to weeks 12 and 24 in all cats. Adipose tissue mRNA abundance of adiponectin, hormone sensitive lipase, toll-like receptor-4, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased ( P , 0.05) linearly over time, regardless of diet. Skeletal muscle mRNA abundance for glucose transporter-1, hormone sensitive lipase and UCP2 were decreased ( P , 0.05), regardless of dietary treatment. Our research noted metabolic changes following ovariohysterectomy that are in agreement with gene expression changes pertaining to lipid metabolism. Feeding cats ad libitum after ovariohysterectomy is inadvisable.

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Section: High-protein Diet Following Ovariohysterectomysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: High-protein Diet Following Ovariohysterectomycontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: High-protein Diet Following Ovariohysterectomysupporting

confidence: 63%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Vester

Sutter

Keel

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…Neutering alone does not seem to decrease insulin sensitivity, but rather increases the risk of obesity. Neutered cats gain weight more easily compared to intact cats,27, 28, 29 and subsequent weight gain leads to decreased insulin sensitivity 26, 30. Therefore, according to these studies, it is the increased risk of obesity after neutering that appears to be the contributing factor to the increased occurrence of DM in neutered cats 8, 31.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Insured Swedish Cats in Relation to Age, Breed and Sex

Öhlund

Fall

Holst

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in cats. Most affected cats suffer from a type of diabetes similar to type 2 diabetes in humans. An increasing prevalence has been described in cats, as in humans, related to obesity and other lifestyle factors.ObjectivesTo describe the incidence of DM in insured Swedish cats and the association of DM with demographic risk factors, such as age, breed and sex.AnimalsA cohort of 504,688 individual cats accounting for 1,229,699 cat‐years at risk (CYAR) insured by a Swedish insurance company from 2009 to 2013.MethodsWe used reimbursed insurance claims for the diagnosis of DM. Overall incidence rates and incidence rates stratified on year, age, breed, and sex were estimated.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of DM in the cohort was 11.6 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0–12.2) per 10,000 CYAR. Male cats had twice as high incidence rate (15.4; 95% CI, 14.4–16.4) as females (7.6; 95% CI, 6.9–8.3). Domestic cats were at higher risk compared to purebred cats. A significant association with breed was seen, with the Burmese, Russian Blue, Norwegian Forest cat, and Abyssinian breeds at a higher risk compared to other cats. No sex predisposition was found among Burmese cats. Several breeds with a lower risk of DM were identified.Conclusions and clinical importanceOur results verify that the Burmese breed is at increased risk of developing DM. We also identified several previously unreported breeds with increased or decreased risk of DM.

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“…Second, we were unable to collect information regarding the reproductive status of cats. Previous risk factors found in overweight or obese cats can be divided into factors such as sex, reproductive status, and breed (13)(14)(15). These factors have been postulated to contribute directly or indirectly to positive energy balance and subsequent weight gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall prevalence of feline overweight/obesity in Japan as determined froma cross-sectional sample pool of healthy veterinary clinic-visiting cats in Japan

Mori¹,

Iwasaki²,

Okada³

et al. 2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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IntroductionOverweightness and obesity are major concerns for the global companion animal population, as is the case with humans. The American Veterinary Medical Association reported that about 33,000 veterinarians were responsible for diagnosing approximately 840 overweight or obese cats and dogs in their respective animal hospitals in 1998 (1). In addition, 52% of 136 cats recruited by houseto-house survey in the United Kingdom (2) and 40% of vet-visiting cats in Glasgow (3) were deemed to be overweight/obese. The latest data in the United States indicate that 19%-29% and 6%-8% of cats are overweight and obese, respectively (4).Many clinical veterinarians in Japan also feel that feline obesity is increasing in prevalence within Japan. However, with very little data or none regarding healthy domestic cats being readily available in Japan, veterinarians are currently unsure as to what real rate of obesity prevalence exists. One reason for this is because owners do not feel the necessity to bring in their overweight cats to the animal hospital without any apparent symptom(s) of disease. Furthermore, compounding the problem is the fact that owners may regard overweight or obese cats as being physically appealing and cute, without truly seeing the potential health risk associated with overweight/ obesity to their animals. For example, obesity can induce a low-grade inflammatory response (5), and accumulated excess fat can result in inadequate secretion of adipokines and dysfunction in metabolic organs. In addition, feline obesity increases the risks of diabetes mellitus, hepatic lipidosis, neoplasia, urinary tract disease, oral cavity and gastrointestinal disease, dermatoses, and lameness (6). Obesity-induced dyslipidemia in cats has the same health consequences as in humans.As such, the objectives of this study are twofold. First, we sought to determine the rate of overweight/obese cats, as determined via body condition score (BCS), in Japan, based accordingly on a cross-sectional pool of healthy cats that were presented to 18 different veterinary clinics across Japan. Second, using a uniform method of biochemical measurement for cat plasma collected all over Japan, we sought to determine plasma biochemical parameter reference values from healthy indoor clientowned cats, using the same cross-sectional pool of healthy cats. In doing so, we also investigated whether age, BCS, and sex could significantly influence changes in plasma Abstract: Many veterinarians feel that feline obesity is increasing in prevalence within Japan, but are unsure as to what real rate of obesity prevalence exists currently. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, we sought to determine the ratio of overweight/obese cats, as determined via body condition score (BCS), based on a cross-sectional pool of healthy cats. Second, using a uniform method of biochemical measurement for cat plasma collected all over Japan, we sought to construct cross-sectional working reference ranges of plasma metabolites using age, BCS, and sex as classifyin...

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Effects of neutering on bodyweight, metabolic rate and glucose tolerance of domestic cats

Cited by 161 publications

References 18 publications

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Insured Swedish Cats in Relation to Age, Breed and Sex

Overall prevalence of feline overweight/obesity in Japan as determined froma cross-sectional sample pool of healthy veterinary clinic-visiting cats in Japan

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