Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Vester, Brittany M.; Sutter, Syrukh; Keel, T. L.; Graves, Thomas K.; Swanson, Kelly S.

doi:10.1017/s1751731109004868

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(62 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Food intake and body fat were increased after gonadectomy regardless of diet, but food intake tended to be greater in cats fed the high-protein diet. In agreement with previous findings (Belsito et al, 2009), voluntary physical activity level of the cats decreased during the light (9.6 activity counts/15-s epoch) and dark (11.9 activity counts/15-s epoch) periods 24 wk after spaying compared with baseline (28.0 and 35.9 activity counts/15-s epoch, respectively; Vester et al, 2009b). In that study, mRNA transcript abundance in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues was affected by BW gain but not by dietary treatment.…”

Section: Feline Studiessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Along with BW gain, relative gene expression of IL-6 was increased (wk 0 = 210 ± 18 AU and wk 24 = 463 ± 71 AU) in adipose tissue whereas gene expression of LPL (wk 0 = 968 ± 159 AU and wk 24 = 543 ± 50 AU), HSL (wk 0 = 702 ± 120 AU and wk 24 = 436 ± 49 AU), and adiponectin (wk 0 = 1,070 ± 335 AU and wk 24 = 460 ± 124 AU) were decreased at wk 24 when compared with baseline (Belsito et al, 2009). Another study from our laboratory investigated the effects of ovariohysterectomy on body composition, blood metabolite concentrations, voluntary physical activity level, and mRNA transcription in subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissues of cats fed either a high-protein [i.e., 53% CP and 10% nitrogen free extract (NFE)] or a moderate-protein (i.e., 34% CP and 34% NFE) diet (Vester et al, 2009b). Food intake and body fat were increased after gonadectomy regardless of diet, but food intake tended to be greater in cats fed the high-protein diet.…”

Section: Feline Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

COMPANION ANIMALS SYMPOSIUM: Nutrigenomics: Using gene expression and molecular biology data to understand pet obesity1

Godoy

Swanson

2013

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approximately 55% of dogs and 53% of cats in the United States are considered overweight or obese. The domestication of dogs and cats and, more recently, their anthropomorphism, have drastically changed their environment and social behavior. A greater manifestation of chronic diseases is observed with pet obesity (e.g., insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders). The advances in "omics" technology may provide new tools to investigate the complexity of obesity and its comorbidities. The field of nutrigenomics focuses specifically on the mechanisms by which nutrients and dietary bioactive molecules affect gene expression. The main objective of this review is to discuss factors involved in the etiology of pet obesity and demonstrate how the field of nutrigenomics has been used to better understand and characterize this disease. Currently, most of the genomics literature available on companion animal obesity has focused on adipose tissue, with fewer studies focused on other tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle, liver). Initial studies focused on the sequence and functionality of a few specific genes, such as leptin and adiponectin, and identified their association with obesity. Subsequent studies focused on gene expression levels across tissues and how they were impacted by BW status or if animals were intact, spayed, or neutered. Dietary interventions to induce obesity, promote BW loss, or alter dietary nutrient profile have also been investigated. Diets including prebiotics, green tea extract, or increased concentrations of protein have been shown to modify the expression of several genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose [e.g., uncoupling protein-2, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, PPARα, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and glucose transporter 4] and skeletal muscle (e.g., PPARα and LPL) tissues. In general, the outcomes derived from these studies demonstrated that dogs and cats share similar adipokines and hormones to other species, and they are affected in a similar fashion during obesity. They also indicate that gene transcription modifications may preclude clinical signs, which may become a useful tool in the management and prevention of obesity.

show abstract

Section: Feline Studiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Feline Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COMPANION ANIMALS SYMPOSIUM: Nutrigenomics: Using gene expression and molecular biology data to understand pet obesity1

Godoy

Swanson

2013

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous research in our laboratory indicated greater fasting leptin concentrations in moderate‐protein fed adult cats compared with high‐protein fed adult cats (same diets as current study) (Vester et al . 2009b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Serum metabolites, ghrelin and leptin are modified by age and/or diet in weanling kittens fed either a high‐ or moderate‐protein diet

Vester¹,

Belsito²,

Swanson

2011

Animal Science Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of in utero and postnatal exposure of a high-protein (HP; n=9) or moderate-protein (MP; n=16) diet on growth, and serum metabolite, ghrelin and leptin concentrations during the first 4 months of life in kittens. It was hypothesized that blood indices would be modified due to diet. Blood samples were collected from kittens at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. Kittens were weaned at 8 weeks of age onto the same diet as the dam. Body weight was measured weekly from birth and daily food intake for each litter was recorded post-weaning. Serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, total protein and triglycerides were greater (P<0.05) in kittens fed the HP diet. Serum cholesterol concentrations were greater (P <0.05) in MP-fed kittens at 4 weeks of age. Moderate-protein fed kittens tended to have greater (P < 0.10) serum ghrelin concentrations. Leptin concentrations were not affected by diet, but changed over time (P<0.05). Our data indicate that diet and age of kittens affect circulating concentrations of peptides important in appetite regulation. Further research testing the effects of in utero and early postnatal nutrient exposure on feline obesity risk in adulthood is needed.

show abstract

“…Similarly, post-neuter changes in energy expenditure have also been suggested in other species [11]. Evidence also exists that cats consume more if fed ad libitum [12, 13]. Irrespective of whether energy consumption or expenditure is the major driver of neuter-associated weight gain, weight gain is likely to be a consequence of the disruption in the cat’s endocrine milieu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metabolic Profiling Reveals Effects of Age, Sexual Development and Neutering in Plasma of Young Male Cats

Allaway¹,

Gilham²,

Colyer³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neutering is a significant risk factor for obesity in cats. The mechanisms that promote neuter-associated weight gain are not well understood but following neutering, acute changes in energy expenditure and energy consumption have been observed. Metabolic profiling (GC-MS and UHPLC-MS-MS) was used in a longitudinal study to identify changes associated with age, sexual development and neutering in male cats fed a nutritionally-complete dry diet to maintain an ideal body condition score. At eight time points, between 19 and 52 weeks of age, fasted blood samples were taken from kittens neutered at either 19 weeks of age (Early Neuter (EN), n = 8) or at 31 weeks of age (Conventional Neuter (CN), n = 7). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare plasma metabolites (n = 370) from EN and CN cats. Age was the primary driver of variance in the plasma metabolome, including a developmental change independent of neuter group between 19 and 21 weeks in lysolipids and fatty acid amides. Changes associated with sexual development and its subsequent loss were also observed, with differences at some time points observed between EN and CN cats for 45 metabolites (FDR p<0.05). Pathway Enrichment Analysis also identified significant effects in 20 pathways, dominated by amino acid, sterol and fatty acid metabolism. Most changes were interpretable within the context of male sexual development, and changed following neutering in the CN group. Felinine metabolism in CN cats was the most significantly altered pathway, increasing during sexual development and decreasing acutely following neutering. Felinine is a testosterone-regulated, felid-specific glutathione derivative secreted in urine. Alterations in tryptophan, histidine and tocopherol metabolism observed in peripubertal cats may be to support physiological functions of glutathione following diversion of S-amino acids for urinary felinine secretion.

show abstract

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

COMPANION ANIMALS SYMPOSIUM: Nutrigenomics: Using gene expression and molecular biology data to understand pet obesity1

COMPANION ANIMALS SYMPOSIUM: Nutrigenomics: Using gene expression and molecular biology data to understand pet obesity1

Serum metabolites, ghrelin and leptin are modified by age and/or diet in weanling kittens fed either a high‐ or moderate‐protein diet

Metabolic Profiling Reveals Effects of Age, Sexual Development and Neutering in Plasma of Young Male Cats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About