Effects of nicotine on pupil size and performance during multiple-object tracking in non-nicotine users

Wardhani, Intan K.; Mathôt, Sebastiaan; Boehler, C. Nico; Laeng, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.005

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In addition, Bayesian analyses provided support for the absence of these relationships in all analyses. Further, a Bayesian regression analysis indicated that nicotine consumption was a better predictor of average baseline pupil size than any of the task scores (see also Wardhani et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Baseline Pupil Size Seems Unrelated to Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory Capacity, and Attentional Control

Ruuskanen,

Hagen,

Espeseth

et al. 2024

Journal of Cognition

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Over the past few years, several studies have explored the relationship between resting-state baseline pupil size and cognitive abilities, including fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, and attentional control. However, the results have been inconsistent. Here we present the findings from two experiments designed to replicate and expand previous research, with the aim of clarifying previous mixed findings.In both experiments, we measured baseline pupil size while participants were not engaged in any tasks, and assessed fluid intelligence using a matrix task. In one experiment we also measured working memory capacity (letter-number-sequencing task) and attentional control (attentional-capture task). We controlled for several personal and demographic variables known to influence pupil size, such as age and nicotine consumption. Our analyses revealed no relationship between resting-state pupil size (average or variability) and any of the measured constructs, neither before nor after controlling for confounding variables. Taken together, our results suggest that any relationship between resting-state pupil size and cognitive abilities is likely to be weak or non-existent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Baseline Pupil Size Seems Unrelated to Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory Capacity, and Attentional Control

Ruuskanen,

Hagen,

Espeseth

et al. 2024

Journal of Cognition

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“…The average pupil diameter was similar in the two groups (4.7mm for smokers vs 4.56mm for controls, t (37.66) = 0.462, p = 0.647). Note that the acute effects of nicotine intake are known to globally constrict the pupils (Wardhani et al, 2020), but we asked all participants to refrain from smoking prior to the experiment. At any rate, in order to better cope with individual (and group) differences we z-tranformed pupil diameter values separately for each participant (Dureux et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of them were light smokers, however, as seen by low average scores (1.96 ± 2.1) at the Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Heatherton et al, 1991). Because nicotine can considerably reduce pupil size (Wardhani et al, 2020), and because we sought to evaluate the tasks in conditions of relative craving, they were all asked to refrain from smoking for at least 90 minutes prior to the experiment (mean: 7.5 hours; indeed, half of them last smoked the evening before the experiment). In addition to the FTND, smokers were asked to fill in the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS; Gossop et al, 1992) and the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-brief; Cox et al, 2001), to assess self-reported craving.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pupil size as a robust marker of attentional bias toward nicotine-related stimuli in smokers

Blini

Zorzi

2022

Preprint

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Spatial attention can be magnetically attracted by behaviorally salient stimuli. This phenomenon occasionally conflicts with behavioral goals, leading to maladaptive consequences, as in the case of addiction, in which attentional biases have been described and linked with clinically meaningful variables, such as craving level or dependence intensity. Here, we sought to probe the markers of attentional priority in smokers through eye-tracking measures, by leveraging the established link between eye movements and spatial attention. We were particularly interested in potential markers related to pupil size, because pupil diameter reflects a range of autonomic, affective, and cognitive/attentional reactions to behaviorally significant stimuli and is a robust marker of appetitive and aversive learning. We found that changes in pupil size to nicotine-related visual stimuli could reliably predict, in crossvalidated logistic regression, the smoking status of young smokers (showing pupil constriction) better than more traditional proxy measures. The possibility that pupil constriction may reflect a bias toward central vision, e.g. attentional capture, is discussed in terms of sensory tuning with respect to nicotine-related stimuli. Pupil size was more sensitive at lower nicotine dependence levels, and at increased abstinence time (though these two variables were collinear). We conclude that pupillometry can provide a robust marker for attentional priority computation and useful indications regarding motivational states and individual attitudes toward conditioned stimuli.

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“…Nicotine potentiates cognitive functions due to its action on the cortex, frontal and parietal areas, the anterior cingulate, and the superior colliculus. This effect has been appreciated, particularly in those with nicotine dependency, who receive nicotine after a deprivation period 12 .…”

Section: Nicotine Is a Powerfully Addicting Drug: Neurophysiology Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction to tobacco smoking and vaping

Hernández-Pérez¹,

García-Gómez²,

Robles³

et al. 2023

RIC

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The tobacco epidemic has been one of the biggest public health threats, and smoking is one of the world's largest preventable causes of premature death. An estimated 15.4% of all deaths in the world are attributable to tobacco smoking. The present review aims to describe addiction to tobacco smoking and vaping. Tobacco and vaping devices contain nicotine, a highly addictive drug, which explains why smoking is so prevalent and persistent. Electronic cigarettes are a group of novel nicotine or tobacco products that have rapidly gained popularity in recent years. Electronic cigarette devices allow for the use of other drugs, including THC, while the lax regulation may allow for the introduction of toxic compounds that can lead to acute or subacute toxicity, such as the e-cigarette-or vaping-associated lung injury that has been linked to vitamin E acetate. In addition, regular vapers and heated tobacco devices emit toxins, although at lower concentrations than burned tobacco. However, more and more side effects have been identified. No new effective treatment for nicotine addiction has been developed recently, despite its huge adverse impact on overall health and other outcomes. As for the primary line of medications, the last one started in 2006, the varenicline, demonstrating a low interest in developing new medications against smoking, an unacceptable state of affairs, given the huge impact of smoking on morbidity and mortality.

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Effects of nicotine on pupil size and performance during multiple-object tracking in non-nicotine users

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Baseline Pupil Size Seems Unrelated to Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory Capacity, and Attentional Control

Baseline Pupil Size Seems Unrelated to Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory Capacity, and Attentional Control

Pupil size as a robust marker of attentional bias toward nicotine-related stimuli in smokers

Addiction to tobacco smoking and vaping

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