Effects of nicotine on the shuttlebox behavior of trained guinea pigs

Driscoll, Peter; Bättig, K.

doi:10.1007/bf00421286

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…A number of researchers (Bovet, Bovet-Nitti, & Oliverio, 1966;Essman & Essman, 1971;Fleming & Broadhurst, 1975;Hutchinson & Emley, 1973;Morrison & Stephenson, 1972) have reported that nicotine reduces measures of anxiety (immobility, conditioned suppression, exploratory behavior) in a variety of animals. On the other hand, Davis, Kensler, and Dews (1973) and Driscoll and his coworkers (Driscoll, 1976;Driscoll & Battig, 1970;Driscoll & Battig, 1974) have reported nicotine-produced increases in indices of anxiety-fear (punishment-induced suppression of operant behavior and avoidance behavior).…”

Section: Tranquilizing and Emotion-reducing Effects Of Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical tranquilizing and emotion-reducing effects of nicotine.

Gilbert¹

1979

Psychological Bulletin

223

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Investigations of the effects of nicotine on emotion and on indices of central and autonomic nervous system arousal are reviewed. Mechanisms that may account for the paradoxical finding that nicotine increases autonomic nervous system end-organ arousal yet has frequently been reported to reduce self-report and behavioral indices of emotion are evaluated. A number of mechanisms have been proposed, but none are backed by a convincing network of supportive data. The literature suggests that the mechanism(s) by which nicotine reduces indices of emotion is influenced by a wide variety of variables, including behavioral activity level, central nervous system arousal level, type of emotion, time since the administration of the drug, and the rate and dose of its administration. There is the need to demonstrate a paradigm that reliably causes nicotine-induced reductions of emotion. Once reliability has been established, further studies can vary the paradigm's potentially influential variables.One of the most paradoxical and intriguing facts in the field of emotions is that smoking and nicotine cause significant increases in physiological arousal, especially of autonomic end organs, yet frequently reduce behavioral and self-report measures of emotion and cause people to report feelings of increased tran-

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Section: Tranquilizing and Emotion-reducing Effects Of Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical tranquilizing and emotion-reducing effects of nicotine.

Gilbert¹

1979

Psychological Bulletin

223

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Cholinergic Mechanisms and Aversively Motivated Behaviors

Bignami

Michałek

1978

Psychopharmacology of Aversively Motivated Behavior

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The effects of nicotine on two-way avoidance conditioning in bi-directionally selected strains of rats

Fleming

Broadhurst

1975

Psychopharmacologia

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Rats of both sexes from the genetically selected Roman High Avoidance (RHA), the Roman Low Avoidance (RLA) and the Roman Control (RCA) strains were given one 30-min session of two-way escape-avoidance conditioning (30 trials) in a shuttle box with a buzzer as the conditioned stimulus and shock as the unconditioned stimulus in a factorial design involving three time intervals (0, 15 and 30 min) following one subcutaneous injection of saline or of nicotine in five doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg of body weight). Six measures relating to performance were analysed in whole or part. While the number of avoidance responses showed the expected strain differences, no effect of dose or delay interval could be detected. Avoidance and escape latencies and intertrial activity showed some effects of these variables, especially in interaction with sex and strain. Dose determined pre-sessional activity, but its effect was strain dependent. The failure to confirm previous findings is discussed in the context of other instances in the literature, and the results of an operant experiment confirming the continuing sensitivity of the Roman strains to the effects of nicotine are reported.

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Effects of nicotine on the shuttlebox behavior of trained guinea pigs

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Paradoxical tranquilizing and emotion-reducing effects of nicotine.

Paradoxical tranquilizing and emotion-reducing effects of nicotine.

Cholinergic Mechanisms and Aversively Motivated Behaviors

The effects of nicotine on two-way avoidance conditioning in bi-directionally selected strains of rats

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