Effects of NiO addition on (K,Na,Li)NbO₃–BaZrO₃–(Bi,Na)TiO₃-based ceramics

Abstract

The effects of CuO or NiO addition on the sintering temperature and electrical properties of 0.92(K 0.47 Na 0.47 Li 0.06 )NbO 3 -0.07BaZrO 3 -0.01 (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 ceramics with a temperature-stable morphotropic phase boundary were investigated. The ceramics without any additives and those with NiO exhibited a tetragonal phase. The ceramics with CuO exhibited the coexisting orthorhombic and tetragonal phases. The sintering temperature was reduced by the addition of NiO or CuO. NiO addition was also effective for broadening the range of the sintering temperature window. The d 33 , radial-mode electromechanical coupling factor, and remanent polarization of the ceramics with NiO were 238 pC/N, 0.39, and 14 µC/cm 2 , respectively; moreover, the measured values of the ceramics with CuO were all lower than those of the ceramics with NiO. The results suggest that NiO acted as a sintering aid among grains, and the sintering temperature window was consequently broadened. In the case of CuO addition, Cu ions replaced the A-and B-sites of the ceramics, and such replacement reduced the tetragonality. As a result, the electrical properties of the ceramics with CuO were lower than those of the ceramics with NiO.

Influence of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Glass-Ceramics Produced with Windshield Waste

“…e presence of nucleating agents, such as TiO 2 and various oxides, in the glassceramic composition favors nucleation and crystal growth. Since the surface tension decreases, the nucleation rate increases in the vitreous system [13,20,21]. e addition of niobium oxide in addition to promoting crystallization also enables the formation of crystals of the perovskite group.…”

Effect of MnO2 addition on temperature-dependent properties of tetragonal (Bi,Na)TiO3–BaTiO3 thick films prepared on MgO ceramic substrates

“…The Pb-based materials have been used in many applications such as actuators and sensors. [1][2][3] Possible replacements for Pb-based materials are (Bi,Na)TiO 3 , [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] (K,Na)NbO 3 , [12][13][14][15] and BaTiO 3 [16][17][18] and their solid solutions. Among them, (1-x)(Bi,Na)TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 (BNT-100xBT) and related materials have been studied intensively because of their excellent electrical properties.…”

Piezoelectric Properties and Local Structure Analysis of (1-<i>x</i>)(Na_0.50K_0.45Li_0.05)NbO₃-<i>x</i>(Ba_0.85Ca_0.15)(Zr_0.10Ti_0.90)O₃ Solid Solutions Produced by Malic Acid Complex Solution Method

“…Moreover, Nakai et al who were members of our research group, revealed that (Na 0.50 K 0.45 Li 0.05 )NbO 3 (NKLN) solid solutions produced by the malic acid complex solution method (MACSM) were soft materials exhibiting excellent piezoelectric properties, with a d 33 of 151 pC/N, a k p of 32% and a radial-mode mechanical quality factor Q m (p) of 87, and a high T c of 462C [7]. Meanwhile Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 x(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 (BZTxBCT) solid solutions with the same crystal structure as NKLN have attracted much attention due to their good piezoelectric properties at the tricritical point of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases [8][9][10][11][12]. In particular, although the operating temperature range for (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 )(Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 )O 3 (BCZT, x = 0.5) is limited to near room temperature owing to its comparatively low T c of 8594C, it exhibits good piezoelectric properties with d 33 = 545650 pC/N, k p = 5357, k 33 = 65%, and Q m = 125, which are comparable to those for soft PZT at room temperature [9][10][11][12].…”

“…Meanwhile Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 x(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 (BZTxBCT) solid solutions with the same crystal structure as NKLN have attracted much attention due to their good piezoelectric properties at the tricritical point of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases [8][9][10][11][12]. In particular, although the operating temperature range for (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 )(Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 )O 3 (BCZT, x = 0.5) is limited to near room temperature owing to its comparatively low T c of 8594C, it exhibits good piezoelectric properties with d 33 = 545650 pC/N, k p = 5357, k 33 = 65%, and Q m = 125, which are comparable to those for soft PZT at room temperature [9][10][11][12]. Thus, BCZT is likely to be applied as an end member in solid solutions containing other lead-free piezoelectric materials with a high T c , rather than being directly used for piezoelectric applications.…”