Effects of nitric oxide on morphine self-administration in rat

Sahraei, Hedayat; Poorheidari, Gholamreza; Foadaddini, Mohsen; Khoshbaten, Ali; Asgari, Alireza; Noroozzadeh, Ali; Ghoshooni, Hassan; Firoozabadi, Seyed Hassan; Zarrindast, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2003.10.008

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Before being surgically implanted with a chronic intravenous (iv) jugular catheter, the rats were initially trained to press a lever using food as reinforcement to aid in the acquisition of drug self-administration. Training and testing were accomplished in standard operant conditioning cages (21 cm × 21 cm × 28 cm) placed in a sound-attenuated room and ventilated with fans according to the procedures described in previous studies[ 10 11 ] with minor modifications. The apparatus was equipped with active and passive levers, 2 cm above the floor, with a red light located 4 cm above the active lever.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the number of times a lever was pressed was considered as a measure of the reinforcing action of the drug. [ 10 11 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the acquisition of the lever-pressing behavior, the rats were returned to their ad libitum food diet and allowed to gain weight for 3 days before the surgery. [ 11 12 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Morphine Self-administration and Pain Modulation in Rats

et al. 2018

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Background:Exercise reverses retention deficit induced by morphine. The present study investigated the effect of aerobic exercise on tolerance to morphine usage and pain modulation.Materials and Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: (1) saline group (S), (2) morphine group (M), (3) saline + exercise (S + E), and (4) morphine + exercise group (M + E). The rats were initially trained to receive small pellets of food by pressing an active lever in the self-administration apparatus. The tail-flick and hot-plate tests were used for pain assessment. To perform the experiment, the jugular vein was exposed and cannulated. After recovery, the animals were placed in the self-administration apparatus and allowed to self-administer morphine in 2 h sessions over 11 consecutive days.Results:The morphine group was found to record a higher number of active lever pressings than did the saline one while this parameter decreased in the morphine + exercise group compared with the morphine one. Moreover, the morphine + exercise exhibited lowered pain sensitivity as evidenced to have reduced morphine use in the hot plate test.Conclusion:The exercise might be suggested to reduce using of morphine and modulate pain probably through the release of endogenous opioid.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the number of times a lever was pressed was considered as a measure of the reinforcing action of the drug. [ 10 11 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Morphine Self-administration and Pain Modulation in Rats

et al. 2018

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“…Testing was done in standard operant conditioning cages based on the method used previously by others[1617] with minor modifications. The jugular cannula of rats was connected to an infusion pump, and the animals were placed in the self-administration apparatus for 2 h and each day, during 11 consecutive days on an FR-1 schedule.…”

Section: Self-administration Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The jugular cannula of rats was connected to an infusion pump, and the animals were placed in the self-administration apparatus for 2 h and each day, during 11 consecutive days on an FR-1 schedule. [16] The trained animals were allowed to press active and passive levers freely. By pressing the active lever, the rats received 0.1 ml of morphine (5 mg/mL morphine sulfate in saline or 0.5 mg/kg per infusion) and small pellets in the first 5 days and morphine without pellets in the final 6 days of the experiment.…”

Section: Self-administration Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Blockade of Glutamate Receptors within the Prelimbic Cortex Attenuate Concentration of Excitatory Amino Acids in the Morphine Self-administration in Rats

2018

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Background:The attitude of research on addiction has been done on the key role of glutamate. As a regard, the prelimbic cortex (PrL) has an important role in addiction, learning, and memory. We tried to investigate the level of glutamate and aspartate concentration after glutamate receptors blockade in this region in the morphine-addicted rats.Materials and Methods:In this study, we examined the effects of local infusion of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonists, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (CNQX), into the PrL cortex on the level of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and glycine. After 11 days of self-administration, the prelimbic area of the brain was taken out, and the EAAs and glycine concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results:Morphine resulted in the significant increase in the EAAs concentration within this area (P ≤ 0.001). Microinjection of AP5 into this region before using of morphine significantly decreased the morphine-induced glutamate and aspartate concentration (P ≤ 0.001). CNQX had the same effect and significantly reduced the EAAs concentration compared to the morphine group (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, microinjection of AP5 and CNQX simultaneously increased glycine concentration (P ≤ 0.001).Conclusions:These results show that morphine stimulates the EAAs release in the prelimbic area. It seems that microinjection of AP5 or CNQX in this region is effective in reducing morphine-induced EAA. It is suggested that EAA transmission in the PrL cortex may be a possible target for treatment of morphine addiction.

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Interactions between morphine and nitric oxide in various organs

Toda¹,

Kishioka

Hatano

et al. 2009

J Anesth

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Nitric oxide (NO) plays obligatory roles as an important intercellular messenger in the control of physiological functions and it also participates in pathophysiological interventions. This labile, gaseous molecule is also involved in mechanisms underlying the beneficial and untoward actions of therapeutic agents. Endogenous NO is formed by endothelial and neurogenic NO synthases that are constitutively present mainly in the endothelium and nervous system, respectively, and is induced by lipopolysaccharides or cytokines mainly in mitochondria, glial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. NO modulates the effects of morphine on processes involving the central nervous system, such as learning, memory, convulsion, thermoregulation, and penile erection. This molecule is also involved in the modification of morphine actions on the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems. Morphine regulates NO bioavailability in various organs. NO formed by inducible NO synthase participates in some morphine actions in the immune system. Information concerning interactions between NO and morphine and other opioids in a variety of organs and tissues is quite useful in establishing new strategies for minimizing the noxious and unintended reactions that are frequently encountered during analgesic therapy.

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Effects of nitric oxide on morphine self-administration in rat

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Morphine Self-administration and Pain Modulation in Rats

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Morphine Self-administration and Pain Modulation in Rats

Blockade of Glutamate Receptors within the Prelimbic Cortex Attenuate Concentration of Excitatory Amino Acids in the Morphine Self-administration in Rats

Interactions between morphine and nitric oxide in various organs

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