Effects of nitrification inhibitors and time and rate of slurry and fertilizer N application on silage maize yield and losses to the environment

Schröder, J.J.; Holte, L. ten; Keulen, H. van; Steenvoorden, J. H. A. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00750573

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The Nmin contents observed in autumn varied between 16 and 88 kg N ha À1 and are in good agreement with studies of Schro¨der et al (1993) on sandy soils in the Netherlands, of Lengnick and Fox (1994) on a Hagerstown silt loam in Pennsylvania, and of Nevens and Reheul (2003) on sandy soils in Flanders. Nmin values observed in spring were somewhat lower, ranging between 20 and 66 kg N ha À1 .…”

Section: Soil Mineral Nitrogen Contentsupporting

confidence: 78%

Nitrogen Fluxes in Silage Maize Production: Relationship between Nitrogen Content at Silage Maturity and Nitrate Concentration in Soil Leachate

Herrmann

Kersebaum

Taube

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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A challenge with respect to environmental soundness of agricultural production is the development of suitable indicators, which support an improved understanding and measurement of agricultural activities on environmental quality. The objective of this study was to investigate whether N concentration (Nc) of silage maize at silage maturity, a routinely recorded quality parameter, can serve as an indicator of nitrate concentration in the soil leachate (NO 3 C). The study was based on a 5-year experiment (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001), conducted on sandy soil in Northern Germany. The experiment involved four mineral N fertilization rates (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha À1 ) and three slurry treatments (0, 20, 40 m 3 ha À1 ). The water and N balance model HERMES was applied to simulate the N flows within the soil-plant system. The model performed satisfactorily for aboveground biomass accumulation, N uptake, soil mineral N, and nitrate leaching. Statistical analysis of the relationship between measured crop N concentration (Nc, g N kg À1 ) at silage maturity and simulated mean nitrate concentration (NO 3 C, mg NO 3 1 À1 ) of the leachate (October-March) revealed a significant impact of rainfall amount during spring/summer. Two exponential functions were estimated to describe the relationship for (i) 'wet' years: NO 3 C = 3.4253 · exp(0.3426 · Nc), and (ii) 'dry' years: NO 3 C = 6.8538 · exp(0.1811 · Nc). While in 'dry' years nitrate concentration exceeded the drinking water threshold even at very low N concentrations, the risk of high nitrate concentrations was negligible in 'wet' years. It is concluded that the newly developed indicator can provide a useful tool for assessing the potential risk of groundwater nitrate contamination in silage maize production.

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Section: Soil Mineral Nitrogen Contentsupporting

confidence: 78%

Nitrogen Fluxes in Silage Maize Production: Relationship between Nitrogen Content at Silage Maturity and Nitrate Concentration in Soil Leachate

Herrmann

Kersebaum

Taube

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…On average, 49% of the total slurry N was NH 4 -N. We add that the slurry rates were high from 1983 to 1987 (on average 124 Mg ha −1 per year, corresponding with 545 kg N ha −1 per year) but from 1987 onwards, the annual application rate was severely decreased, to a level far more consistent with agronomic requirements (<250 kg N ha −1 per year; Chambers et al, 2000). Also autumn applications were abandoned, taking into account their negative effect on N use efficiency (Kolenbrander, 1981a;Schröder et al, 1993) and the high risks on nitrate pollution. Slurry was collected from a cubicle stall after mixing and applied by broadcast spreading from a trailed vacuum spread tank.…”

Section: Fertilization Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can imagine that an improved crop husbandry might decrease the yield gap between ecological and economical optima, e.g. slurry N placement, conditional post emergence N dressings and winter cover crops (Schröder et al, 1993).…”

Section: Residual Soil Nitrate Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomical and environmental evaluation of a long-term experiment with cattle slurry and supplemental inorganic N applications in silage maize

Nevens¹,

Reheul²

2005

European Journal of Agronomy

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During 19 years of research on silage maize grown a fertile sandy loam soil in Flanders, we compared the use of only inorganic nitrogen (S−) with a system of an annual application of dairy cattle slurry (S+, corresponding with an average rate of 180 kg N ha −1 ) supplemented with inorganic fertilizer nitrogen. The objectives were to study the efficiency of slurry-N, to determine the economic optimum of additional fertilizer-N use and to relate this optimum with the local threshold on residual soil nitrate-N. During the last 5 years, the economically optimal fertilizer rates in the S− and the S+ system were centred around 150 and 90 kg N ha −1 , respectively. So, saving on fertilizer N amounted to about 60 kg N ha −1 . At these N rates, the risk for trespassing the local legal threshold value for residual soil nitrate-N content (90 kg ha −1 , 0-90 cm) was small (less than one out of ten seasons); economic and ecological optima of N fertilization concurred well. Meeting the standards of the EU nitrates directive and/or a doubled fertilizer N price would urge to decrease the applied amount of inorganic N by ca. 50 kg ha −1 , resulting in yield losses of about 5% on the studied sandy loam soil with an important content of total N (5300 kg ha −1 , 0-30 cm). The ratio of N-fertilizer replacement to the total amount of applied slurry-N increased during the experimental period to an average level of 59% during the last 5 years.

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“…Adding DMPP to the medium dose PS significantly increased NREC (from 22 to 31%), but no such effects were associated with other doses. Schröder et al (1993) observed an increase in NREC following the addition of DCD to cattle slurry. Williamson et al (1998) found that 32% of the N applied in farm effluent was recovered, compared to 42% of the same effluent when DCD was added.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Schröder et al (1993) observed that the addition of dicyandiamide (DCD) to cattle slurry did not sufficiently improve N recovery by silage maize to justify its recommendation, and concluded that the risk of pollution could only be limited by reducing the dose of N to rates below economically optimum levels. DCD has also been added to cattle slurry (Corré and Zwart, 1995), to pig slurry (Tittarelli et al, 1997) and to the urine of dairy cattle (Di et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of DMPP [3,4-dimethylpyrozole phosphate] on the growth and chemical composition of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) raised on calcareous soil

Guillaumes

Mir

2004

Span. j. agric. res.

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This paper reports a 406 day outdoor experiment (performed in pots) to determine the influence of the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), when added to pig slurry (PS), on the growth and chemical composition of ryegrass. Pots containing a loamy, calcareous soil were treated with either no PS or 73.7, 147.3 or 221 cubic cm pot-1, with or without DMPP, prior to seeding with ryegrass. The greatest quantity of above ground dry matter was obtained with the highest dose of PS + DMPP (36.3 g pot-1) 7.4% greater than that obtained for the same treatment without DMPP, and 46.1% greater than with the no PS treatment. The plants treated with the high and medium doses of PS + DMPP absorbed 70% of total N during the first quarter of the experimental season (104 days). Without DMPP, N uptakes were 55.7% and 63% for the high and medium treatments respectively. The inhibition of nitrification with DMPP increased agronomic efficiency and reduced N leaching by 17%.

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Effects of nitrification inhibitors and time and rate of slurry and fertilizer N application on silage maize yield and losses to the environment

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Nitrogen Fluxes in Silage Maize Production: Relationship between Nitrogen Content at Silage Maturity and Nitrate Concentration in Soil Leachate

Nitrogen Fluxes in Silage Maize Production: Relationship between Nitrogen Content at Silage Maturity and Nitrate Concentration in Soil Leachate

Agronomical and environmental evaluation of a long-term experiment with cattle slurry and supplemental inorganic N applications in silage maize

Effects of DMPP [3,4-dimethylpyrozole phosphate] on the growth and chemical composition of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) raised on calcareous soil

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