Effects of nitrogen gas supersaturation on growth and survival in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Gunnarsli, Katrine Skajaa; Toften, Hilde; Mortensen, Atle

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.029

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…) is also common. Acute exophthalmia due to unfavourable holding conditions has been reported to occur in juvenile cod kept in nitrogen‐supersaturated water (Gunnarsli, Toften & Mortensen ) and during chronic CO 2 exposure (Moran et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exophthalmia in wild‐caught cod (Gadus morhua L.): development of a secondary barotrauma effect in captivity

Ferter

Kryvi

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Capture-based aquaculture (CBA) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) has become increasingly important in recent years, and increased attention is being paid to animal welfare issues linked to these activities. Earlier studies showed that some cod develop secondary exophthalmia in captivity. This study investigated the development of secondary exophthalmia in two groups of wild-caught cod, one of which was exposed to rapid decompression causing acute barotrauma (treatment group) while the other was not (control group). Photographs and radiographs before and up to 33 days after barotrauma revealed a significant increase in overall eye protrusion caused by an accumulation of gas in the orbita in the treatment group, first observed on day 9 after decompression, while no protrusions were observed in the control group. Barotrauma was thus identified as an important trigger for the development of secondary uni-or bilateral exophthalmia of wild-caught cod. Two underlying mechanisms are suggested, where the more likely is residual swim bladder gas taking the route of least resistance, while the less likely is the exsolution of gas from the blood. Our results have implications for a wide range of contexts in which cod are rapidly brought to the surface from great depth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exophthalmia in wild‐caught cod (Gadus morhua L.): development of a secondary barotrauma effect in captivity

Ferter

Kryvi

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…In 1970, TDGS had been treated as a water quality parameter because fish survival was threatened in TDG supersaturated water, similar to other contaminants (Dawley and Ebel, 1975;Gunnarsli et al, 2008a). As we know, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to an oxidative stress in fish exposed.…”

Section: Activities Of Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many studies on various fish species exposed to acute and chronic TDGS (Gunnarsli et al, 2008a). Medium lethal concentration and medium lethal time in rock carp exposed to TDGS have also been determined (Huang et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth rate, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang) exposed to supersaturated total dissolved gas

Liu

et al. 2011

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Liu et al. / J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2011 12(11)Abstract: Total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures. TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams. It may lead to gas bubble disease (GBD) for fish and biochemical responses of selected fish and other aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of long-term TDGS levels on the growth and biochemical responses of rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang) dwelling in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Three-year-old rock carp were exposed to TDGS levels at 100%, 104%, 108%, 112%, and 116% for 42 d. Samples were taken every 7 d after the start of the trial in order to determine catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in gill and muscle tissues. Samples were taken at Days 0 and 42 of exposure to determine growth rate. Little effect was found on growth rate in all treatment groups. SOD and CAT activities varied in different tissues, according to time of exposure and TDGS levels. The biochemical response of fish exposed to TDGS was more obvious in gill tissue than in muscle tissue. Surveys of SOD and CAT activities in different tissues offer important information about the effect of TDGS on the rare fish in the Yangtze River, and may help evaluate the risk to the aquatic eco-environment and aquatic ecosystem in the downstream of the Yangtze River.

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“…TDG supersaturation can cause gas bubble disease (GBD) in fish, which can result in increased mortality (Weitkamp and Katz 1980;Grahn et al 2007). N 2 supersaturation is the primary cause of GBD, since O 2 up to 147% supersaturation did not affect food intake, growth, food conversion, or protein utilization of juvenile Turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Rucker 1976;Ruyet et al 2002;Gunnarsli et al 2008). The effects of TDG supersaturation downstream of hydropower dams have been a cause of concern for more than 40 years (Weitkamp and Katz 1980;Weitkamp 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tolerance and Avoidance Behavior towards Gas Supersaturation in Rock Carp Procypris rabaudi with a History of Previous Exposure

et al. 2015

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Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation on the upper Yangtze River basin is becoming increasingly serious because of the intense construction of high dams, posing a threat to resident fish. The tolerance and behavior characteristics of Rock Carp Procypris rabaudi preexposed to TDG‐supersaturated water were evaluated by placing juveniles (weight 6.4 ± 1.67 g, fork length 7.2 ± 0.7 cm; mean ± SD) in 35‐cm‐deep tanks at 130% supersaturation for 2.33 h as preexposure. Surviving fish were allowed 5 d of recovery in saturated‐equilibrium (100% TDG) water and then examined in an acute lethality experiment at TDG supersaturation values of 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, and 145%. The resulting median lethal times were 10.4, 4.6, 3.2, 2.1, 1.4, and 1.4 h, respectively. The preexposed fish showed a poorer tolerance to TDG‐supersaturated water than did a control group that were not preexposed for TDG above 120% supersaturation (P < 0.05 in cases where there was a significant difference between individual groups). Experiments on horizontal behavior and vertical behavior used the same preexposure routine, followed by 5 d of recovery in saturated‐equilibrium water. For all behavior experiments, both the preexposed and control groups showed significant avoidance responses to TDG‐supersaturated water; however, there were no significant differences between the preexposed and control groups.

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Effects of nitrogen gas supersaturation on growth and survival in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Exophthalmia in wild‐caught cod (Gadus morhua L.): development of a secondary barotrauma effect in captivity

Exophthalmia in wild‐caught cod (Gadus morhua L.): development of a secondary barotrauma effect in captivity

Growth rate, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang) exposed to supersaturated total dissolved gas

Tolerance and Avoidance Behavior towards Gas Supersaturation in Rock Carp Procypris rabaudi with a History of Previous Exposure

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