Effects of Non-plastic Fines on Liquefaction Resistance of Sandy Soils

Cubrinovski, Misko; Rees, Sean; Bowman, Elisabeth T.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9544-2_6

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…One can also observe that the clean sand curve is crossed by the 15% silty sand curve around D r of 45%, which adds complexity to the FC's effect on liquefaction resistance. Similar crossings of (CRR) N=20 curves for different silty sands could be seen in literature [5,18], as well as discussed in detail by Tutuncu et al [75].…”

Section: Effect Of Fines and Relative Density On Crrsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…7b-and there is a linear relationship between (CRR) N=20 and D r for the studied range. In several previous studies, such linear relationships have also been observed for other soils [18,74,75].…”

Section: Effect Of Fines and Relative Density On Crrsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Nevertheless, the problem of nes' effect on liquefaction is complex, and one of the possible reasons for different observations in the laboratory-based studies mentioned above is the density index parameter (e.g., similar void ratio, inter-granular void ratio, or relative density) used to compare the liquefaction resistances [17][18][19][20]. It should be reminded that the nes' plasticity makes the problem more complicated [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CPT-based liquefaction resistance of clean and silty sands: a drainage conditions based approach

Ecemis

Monkul

Tütüncü

et al. 2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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The cone penetration test-based simpli ed liquefaction triggering evaluations are largely based on linking liquefaction manifestations in the eld to cone penetration resistance. These relationships are interpreted in such a way that for given penetration resistance, the liquefaction resistance increases as non-plastic nes content (FC) increases. However, several studies have indicated discrepancies in this relationship.Hence, there is a lag in rational scienti c understanding of this observation. In this study, an experimental research program was undertaken to investigate the CPT-based liquefaction assessment by considering the effects of drainage conditions on the relationship between CPT resistance and liquefaction resistance. First, clean sand and silty sands having 5, 15, and 35% FC were tested at different relative densities by stress-controlled cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests to investigate cyclic resistance of silty sand with varying amounts of non-plastic nes. Then, a set of tests involving piezocone penetration (CPTu), seismic CPTu (SCPTu), and direct push permeability (DPPT) were undertaken in a large-scale box lled with the same soils used in the CDSS tests. The large-scale test results quanti ed the effect of drainage conditions (coe cient of consolidation) on cone penetration resistance. Finally, by combining the CDSS and CPTu test results, an alternative CPT-based liquefaction resistance relationship was proposed by considering the effects of drainage conditions.

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Section: Effect Of Fines and Relative Density On Crrsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Effect Of Fines and Relative Density On Crrsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CPT-based liquefaction resistance of clean and silty sands: a drainage conditions based approach

Ecemis

Monkul

Tütüncü

et al. 2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…Accordingly, (CRR) N = 20 increases linearly with D r for clean and silty sands tested in this experimental study. Several researchers (e.g., 48,49 ) have also observed a linear relationship between CRR and D r for other types of soils. Moreover, at a given D r value, the liquefaction resistance of silty sand with FC = 5% increased its cyclic strength compared to clean sand.…”

Section: Crr Determination From Cdss Testmentioning

confidence: 82%

Applicability of soil‐type index for shear wave velocity‐based liquefaction assessment

Ecemis,

Monkul,

Orucu

2024

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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The current simplified liquefaction assessment method based on the shear‐wave velocity, Vs has uncertainties about how the fine contents change the Vs‐based liquefaction resistance. According to the simplified method, for a given Vs, the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) increases with an increase in fine contents. However, field investigations recently revealed that for various silty sands, the correlation between CRR and Vs is soil‐type index dependent and not specific for all sand‐silt mixtures with the same fine contents. Therefore, a detailed experimental research program is performed in this study to clarify the effect of the soil‐type index on the shear wave velocity and CRR correlation. In the first part of the present study, the cyclic resistance of sand mixed with non‐plastic (NP) fines (dry weight of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 35%) was investigated using cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests. Seismic cone penetration (SCPT) tests were performed inside the large‐scale box to facilitate normalized cone penetration resistance (qc1N) and shear wave velocity measurements on the soils used in the CDSS tests. A new correlation was proposed between the qc1N and normalized shear wave velocity (Vs1) using the soil‐type index Ic representing the behavior of soil. Then, CRR‐Vs1 correlation was obtained experimentally for four distinct ranges of soil‐type index. Finally, the results of this study and the proposed CRR‐Vs1 trends in other investigations were used to discuss the soil‐type dependent Vs‐based liquefaction susceptibility zones.

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“…Many conventional studies in both theoretical and experimental methods have been conducted to evaluate the liquefaction behavior of soil‐foundation systems. The numerical approach is mostly based on an input data analysis using theory models of soil elements such as the multispring and glass cocktail models suggested by Iai et al and the stress density model suggested by Cubrinovski et al However, these methods have partly explored the behavior of foundations during liquefaction. For example, Trung et al investigated the seismic behavior of stayed cable bridge foundations during liquefaction using a shaking table test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Hilbert–Huang transform to identify the dynamic characteristics of a caisson foundation during liquefaction

Trung

2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary This paper presents the application of a Hilbert–Huang transform data processing technique in a dynamic response analysis to identify the dynamic characteristics of a caisson foundation during liquefaction. The degradation of structural modal frequencies during liquefaction under strong earthquakes directly related to a reduction in the stiffness of the soil‐foundation structure due to the loss of strength, and the nonlinearity of the liquefied soil layer always occur in a short time. Thus, the short‐duration variation of frequencies provided a good indicator for the occurrence of the liquefaction and geometric distortion of a soil foundation system during strong earthquakes and was a very important step in the structural health monitoring work of foundation structures. This study shows that the proposed approach was effective in identifying the instantaneous downshift of frequency of caisson foundation system during liquefaction. This study was based on the measured acceleration response data of a test foundation model from a 1‐G shaking table test. Additionally, 2D numerical modeling using a total stress analysis stipulated in the highway bridge specification (JRA 2002), an equivalent linear method in the liquefaction calculation of foundation, was conducted to evaluate the consistency with vibration testing.

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Effects of Non-plastic Fines on Liquefaction Resistance of Sandy Soils

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

CPT-based liquefaction resistance of clean and silty sands: a drainage conditions based approach

CPT-based liquefaction resistance of clean and silty sands: a drainage conditions based approach

Applicability of soil‐type index for shear wave velocity‐based liquefaction assessment

Application of the Hilbert–Huang transform to identify the dynamic characteristics of a caisson foundation during liquefaction

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