Effects of nutrient restriction followed by realimentation on growth, visceral organ mass, cellularity, and jejunal morphology in lambs

Li, D.B.; Liu, X.G.; Zhang, C.Z.; Kao, G.L.; Hou, Xianzhi

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.12.011

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, Li et al. () reported that the lack of protein and energy decreased the weight of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, but just short of protein did not change the visceral organ weight in lambs. Urea, as an NPN source to improve N availability for ruminants, is an effective nutrient if used properly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the results of Ferrell et al (1986) showed that reduction of nutrients by food restriction significantly decreased the relative size of liver, heart, kidney, stomach and intestine. Furthermore, Li et al (2015) reported that the lack of protein and energy decreased the weight of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, but just short of protein did not change the visceral organ weight in lambs. Urea, as an NPN source to improve N availability for ruminants, is an effective nutrient if used properly.…”

Section: Non-carcass Offalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep

Wang

Deng

et al. 2015

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary urea in sheep rations having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio. Sixty-four Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ram lambs with an average body weight of 30.8 (±0.02) kg were randomly divided into four groups of 16 sheep each, and each group was fed one of the following diets: a basal diet (CON), or CON supplemented with 0.5% (0.5UTM), 1.5% (1.5UTM) or 2.5% (2.5UTM) urea. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, non-carcass offals, meat quality and peptic tissue lesions were assayed. The average daily weight gains for CON, 0.5UTM, 1.5UTM and 2.5UTM were 216, 218, 200 and 170 g, respectively, with the CON and 0.5UTM groups higher than 2.5UTM group (p < 0.05). Sheep from the 2.5UTM treatment had a significantly lower dry matter intake (1.29 kg/day) than those from the CON and 0.5UTM treatments (1.42 and 1.43 kg/day, p < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in the 2.5UTM group was the highest (p < 0.05). Carcass characteristics, including shrunk body weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dress percentage, and the absolute or relative weight (% body weight) of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were not altered by the treatments (p > 0.05). The muscular pH of 2.5UTM was higher than that of CON (5.68 vs. 5.52, p < 0.05), and shear force in 0.5UTM was lower compared with CON and 2.5UTM (p < 0.05). The anatomical structure lesions in kidneys became more serious with the increasing dietary urea concentrations, with the 2.5UTM animals showing the most severe lesions compared with CON animals. Therefore, supplementary urea as a non-protein nitrogen source for sheep should not exceed 1.5% of ration having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio to ensure efficacy and safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-carcass Offalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep

Wang

Deng

et al. 2015

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Moreover, the decreased VH of rats in the L group on day 28 and day 70 and the inhibited gene expression related to jejunal function on day 14 laterally proved that a normal protein diet is essential for the gut function. Consistent with our findings, the previous studies showed that jejunal morphology and gene expression were disrupted when dietary protein was restricted (Solimano et al ., ; Li et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dynamic changes in morphology, gene expression and microbiome in the jejunum of compensatory‐growth rats induced by protein restriction

Zhu

Shi

Niu

et al. 2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryWe previously reported that protein‐restricted rats experienced compensatory growth when they were switched to a normal protein diet (NPD). This study aimed to investigate the changes in gene expression and microbiome in the jejunum of compensatory‐growth rats. Weaned Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned to an N group, an LN group and an L group. The rats in the L and N groups were fed a low protein diet (LPD) and the NPD respectively. The rats in the LN group were fed with the LPD for 2 weeks, followed by the NPD. The experiment lasted 70 days, and the rats were sacrificed for sampling on days 14, 28 and 70 to determine the jejunal morphology, microbiome and gene expression related to digestive, absorptive and barrier function. The results showed that, although rats in the LN group had temporarily impaired morphology and gene expression in the jejunum on day 14 in response to the LPD, they had improved jejunal morphology and gene expression related to jejunal function on day 28 compared to rats in the N group. This improvement might promote compensatory growth of rats. However, lower expression of genes related to nutrient absorption and undifferentiated villous height (VH) were observed in the jejunum of rats in the LN group on day 70. In contrast, rats in the L group had lower VH on day 28 and day 70, while the expression of absorptive genes increased on day 28 compared to rats in the N group. Additionally, dramatic microbial changes in the jejunum of compensatory‐growth rats were observed, principally for Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus significantly correlated with gene expression in the jejunum as revealed by the correlation analysis.

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“…Insufficient maternal nutrition has a deleterious effect on the small intestine of the offspring. These effects generally include a reduction in the weight and length of the small intestine, resulting in a decrease in the functional area and a perturbed development of the small intestine [ 30 , 31 ]. The weight of small intestine and its proportion of body weight are important indicators of its development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation Differently Affects the Small Intestinal Phenotype and Gene Expression of Newborn Lambs from Differing Litter Sizes

Li¹,

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Animals

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal dietary folic acid (FA) supplementation during gestation on small intestinal development of newborn lambs of different litter sizes, focusing on the intestinal morphology and development-, apoptosis- and digestion-related genes expression. One hundred and twenty Hu ewes (Ovis aries) were inseminated and randomly allotted to three groups. One group received a control diet [without FA supplementation, control (CON)] and the other two groups received control diets supplemented with different amount of FA [16 or 32 mg FA per kg dry matter (DM), i.e., F16 and F32] during pregnancy. After lambing, according to the dietary FA levels and litter size (twins, TW; triplets, TR), the neonatal lambs were divided into 6 (TW-CON, TW-F16, TW-F32, TR-CON, TR-F16, TR-F32) treatment groups. The results showed that the ratio of small intestinal weight to live body weight and the thickness of the intestinal muscle layer in the offspring was enhanced significantly with increasing maternal FA supplementation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and sodium/glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) in the small intestines of the newborn lambs were increased, while the opposite was true for Bcl2-associated × (BAX) in response to FA supplementation (p < 0.05). Moreover, the small intestinal weights of twins were significantly higher than those of triplets (p < 0.01), and the expression levels of IGF-I (p < 0.05), sucrase-isomaltase (SI) (p < 0.05) and solute carrier family 2 member 5 (SLC2A5) (p < 0.01) were significantly lower than those in triplets. These findings suggest that maternal FA supplementation could improve the offspring’s small intestinal phenotype and the expression of development-, apoptosis- and digestion-related genes, so it could promote the small intestinal development of newborn lambs. Furthermore, the small intestine phenotypic development of twins was generally better than that of triplets, while the expression levels of the above genes of twins were lower than those of triplets.

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Effects of nutrient restriction followed by realimentation on growth, visceral organ mass, cellularity, and jejunal morphology in lambs

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep

Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep

Dynamic changes in morphology, gene expression and microbiome in the jejunum of compensatory‐growth rats induced by protein restriction

Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation Differently Affects the Small Intestinal Phenotype and Gene Expression of Newborn Lambs from Differing Litter Sizes

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