Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cigarette craving and oxidative stress index in heavy-smoker males: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Sadeghi-Ardekani, Kiana; Haghighi, Mahmonir; Zarrin, Rasoul

doi:10.1177/0269881118788806

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The nicotine dependence severity was measured by Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), 21 and peak‐year was defined as years of smoking × cigarettes smoked per day/20. The inclusion criteria for smokers were as follows: (1) smoking at least 1 daily for >2 year; (2) smokers had no period of smoking abstinence and no attempt to quit; (3) FTND > 4 and smoking at least 20 cigarettes per day were defined heavy smokers, and vice versa as light smokers 9,22 . The nonsmokers were included as those who smoked less than five cigarettes in their lifetime.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) smokers had no period of smoking abstinence and no attempt to quit; (3) FTND > 4 and smoking at least 20 cigarettes per day were defined heavy smokers, and vice versa as light smokers. 9,22 The nonsmokers were included as those who smoked less than five cigarettes in their lifetime. Exclusion criteria for both groups were (1) any physical illness such as obstructive lung disease, epilepsy, brain tumour, cerebrovascular disease, or hepatitis; (2) urine test suggesting other substance or drug abuse (except nicotine); (3) existence of a neuropsychiatric disease; or (4) claustrophobia and other contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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More than just statics: Temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in cigarette smoking

et al. 2021

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Smoking is companied with altered intrinsic activity of the brain measured by amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation. Evidence has revealed that human brain activity is a highly dynamic and rapidly changing system. How exactly cigarette smoking affect temporal dynamic intrinsic brain activity is not fully understood nor is it clear how smoking severity influences spontaneous brain activity. Dynamic amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (dALFF) was used to examine the dynamic temporal variability in 93 participants (63 smokers, 30 nonsmokers). We further divided smokers into light and heavy smokers. The temporal variability in intrinsic brain activity among these groups was compared. Correlation analyses were performed between dALFF in areas showing group differences and smoking behaviour (e.g., the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND] scores and pack‐years). Smokers showed significantly increased dALFF in the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus, right orbitofrontal gyrus, right insula, left superior/medial frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus than nonsmokers. Light smokers showed increased dALFF variability in the left prefrontal cortex. Heavy smokers showed increased dynamics in specific brain regions, including the right postcentral gyrus, right insula and left precentral gyrus. Furthermore, the temporal variability in dALFF in the left superior/medial frontal gyrus, left superior/middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and right insula was positively correlated with pack‐years or FTND. Combined, these results suggest that smokers increase stable and persistent spontaneous brain activity in prefrontal cortex, involved impaired gold‐directed action and value‐based decision‐making. In addition, individuals with heavier smoking severity show increased perturbance on spontaneous brain activity of perception and sensorimotor, related to increased reliance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than just statics: Temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in cigarette smoking

et al. 2021

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“…As smoking-induced oxidative stress is thought to contribute to lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids in plasma, Sadeghi-Ardekani et al evaluated the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on oxidative stress index in heavy-smoker males. They found that high-dose of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid) for three months decrease total oxidant status and oxidative stress index [214].…”

Section: Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

et al. 2021

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Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.

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“…As CSinduced oxidative stress is thought to lower levels of plasma omega-3 fatty acids, a study evaluated the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on oxidative stress in heavy-smoker males, showing that high dose of omega-3 fatty acid supplements for 3 months decreases oxidative stress index (i.e. total oxidant status/total antioxidant capacity) (144) .…”

Section: Antioxidant Supplementation In Smokersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants in smokers

et al. 2021

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Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. This enduring and systemic pro-oxidative state within the body is reflected by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers seen in smokers. Smokers might benefit from consuming antioxidant supplements, or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can reduce the CS-related oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the plasma profile of antioxidants observable in smokers and examines the heterogeneous literature to elucidate and discuss the effectiveness of interventional strategies based on antioxidant supplements or an antioxidant-rich diet to improve the health of smokers. An antioxidant-rich diet can provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective preventative strategy to reduce the risk of CS-related diseases, thus being one of the simplest ways for smokers to stay in good health for as long as possible. The health benefits attributable to the intake of antioxidants have been observed predominantly when these have been consumed within their natural food matrices in an optimal antioxidant-rich diet, while these preventive effects are rarely achieved with the intake of individual antioxidants, even at high doses.

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Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cigarette craving and oxidative stress index in heavy-smoker males: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Abstract: This study showed that high-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation appears to be useful in reducing cigarette craving and oxidative stress index in heavy-smoker males.

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

More than just statics: Temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in cigarette smoking

More than just statics: Temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in cigarette smoking

The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Antioxidants in smokers

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