The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract

Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.

Biochemical Profiling for Antioxidant and Therapeutic Potential of Pakistani Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genetic Resource

“…Unfortunately, several adverse effects, such as toxicity, metabolic impairments, and drug tolerance are strongly associated with chemotherapeutic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic drugs (Pradhan et al, 2021b). A promising way to counteract the undesirable effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, however, is with the supplementation of food rich in antioxidants and that possess high therapeutic capacity (Kasote et al, 2013;Cammisotto et al, 2021). Antioxidants are normally classified into two main groups−natural and synthetic antioxidants (Kumar et al, 2020;Rios-Mera et al, 2021).…”

Dark Side of Cancer Therapy: Cancer Treatment-Induced Cardiopulmonary Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Immune Modulation

“…Endogenous antioxidants are produced by the human body, while exogenous antioxidants are produced through the nutrient supply. The exogenous antioxidants fall under the enzymatic and non-enzymatic [ 95 ] category. Enzymatic antioxidants possess catalase activity (CAT) that converts hydrogen peroxide to H 2 O 2 and then to water and oxygen.…”

“…Additionally, natural extracts (polyphenols) are capable of suppressing ROS and inducing the antioxidant defense mechanism [ 98 , 99 , 100 ]. Some of the commonly used antioxidants are Vitamin E, vitamin C, polyphenols, non-flavonoids, carotenoids, selenium, lipoic acids, coenzymes Q10 [ 95 ]. Earlier studies have shown that CTR increases ROS levels and enhances DNA damage, while CTR-induced cardiopulmonary toxicity is associated with increased ROS levels [ 18 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ].…”

Selenium-related nutritional status in patients with common variable immunodeficiency: association with oxidative stress and atherosclerosis risk

“…Some studies have highlighted the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GPX genes with increased risk of CVD and metabolic syndrome [ 5 , 6 ]. The cardioprotective effect of Se is still controversial probably due to the limited trial evidence that is available to date [ 7 ].…”