Effects of overlearning upon single habit reversal in rats.

The overlearning reversal effect in preschool children as a function of age

“…In critical discussions (e.g., Lovejoy, 1966;Paul, 1965) of the overlearning reversal effect (ORE) consideration has been given only to rat or non-primate studies. There are, however, investigations with infrahuman and human primates.…”

Effects of overtraining and two non-correction training procedures upon a brightness discrimination reversal

“…Any day on which S made 80% or more runs to the same position was designated a position day 0 There were more days of position responding in the Control Condition than in the Overlearning Condition, F = 7 .63, df = 1/28, p< 0025 (see Table 1)0 No other effect was significanto Discussion Paul's (1965) speculation that the E and NE conditions may differentially affect the overlearning reversal effect (ORE) was not supported since the ORE was found 424 and did not interact with training conditions. However, the notion that E and NE conditions significantly affect reversal learning was supported, and seems to be in agreement with studies of the effect of obstructing a running response upon extinction in a runway situation (Klugh, 1961)0…”

“…In view of the difficulties of obtaining the ORE (Paul, 1965) it is not clear what we did "right" hereo Perhaps the relatively large reward magnitude used was responsible (Theios & Blosser, 1965;Sperling, 1965) 0 It may be worth emphasizing that all Ss had white as the original s+ and were reversed to blacko Preliminaryobservations in our laboratory have suggested that, under our experimental conditions, an ORE is more likely to be obtained when animals are reversed to black from white than vice versa, and that this effect may be dependent upon conditions which affect relative ease of learning with B+ compared to W±o…”

“…On the basis of this observation Paul (1965) speculated that the inconsistent findings with regard to the effect of post-critical trials upon discrimination reversal might be due, in part, to the described differences in training procedures. The present experiment was designed to test the effects of overtraining upon discrimination reversal under the two types of training procedures.…”

Operant Stimulus Control Applied to Maze Behavior: II. Positive Reinforcement of Discrimination Reversal in Rats

“…After each S had satisfied 3 criteria of stable responses to a goal, the path to that goal was blocked by a door, rhus requiring a discrimination reversal. All Ss met the same criteria of stabiliry through 2 to 4 reversals as a decreasing function of number of reinforced trials.Recent reviews of the literature on discrimination reversal in the rat (Paul, 1965;Sperling, 1965) show that most of the studies have used an arbitrary number of days or some criterion set for all Ss in a particular group to define original as well as post-reversal learning. Some of the discrepancies between studies designed to investigate the same or similar variables may be due to the fact that each S was not required to reach the same criterion prior co discrimination reversal.…”