Effects of Palladium Nanoparticles on the Cytokine Release from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Palladium-Sensitized Women

Reale, Marcella; Vianale, Giovina; Lotti, Lavinia Vittoria; Mariani-Costantini, Renato; Perconti, Silvia; Cristaudo, Antonio; Leopold, Kerstin; Antonucci, Andrea; Giampaolo, Luca Di; Iavicoli, Ivo; Gioacchino, Mario Di; Boscolo, P

doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318228115e

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In this study, Pd-NPs exerted immuno-modulatory effects enhancing the release of IFN-γ and inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α and IL-17. Similar results were also observed in PBMCs of Pd-sensitized women exposed to comparable concentrations of Pd-NPs [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Additionally, comparing our results with those obtained with Pd-NPs in vitro , a certain variability concerning the activated Th cell subsets and the induced cytokine profiles emerged [ 32 , 33 ]. This seems an interesting topic of research, since understanding how the immune system adapts to the insults of specific xenobiotics, maybe through an excessive Th1 or Th2 responses, with different tissue damages or hypersensitivity reactions, respectively, gives the possibility to deeply understand the toxicological behavior of such NPs, therefore identifying early and specific biological alterations [ 47 – 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Exposure to Palladium Nanoparticles Affects Serum Levels of Cytokines in Female Wistar Rats

et al. 2015

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BackgroundInformation currently available on the impact of palladium on the immune system mainly derives from studies assessing the biological effects of palladium salts. However, in the last years, there has been a notable increase in occupational and environmental levels of fine and ultrafine palladium particles released from automobile catalytic converters, which may play a role in palladium sensitization. In this context, the evaluation of the possible effects exerted by palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the immune system is essential to comprehensively assess palladium immunotoxic potential.AimTherefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pd-NPs on the immune system of female Wistar rats exposed to this xenobiotic for 14 days, by assessing possible quantitative changes in a number of cytokines: IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, GM-CSF, INF-γ and TNF-α.MethodsTwenty rats were randomly divided into four exposure groups and one of control. Animals were given a single tail vein injection of vehicle (control group) and different concentrations of Pd-NPs (0.012, 0.12, 1.2 and 12 μg/kg). A multiplex biometric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate cytokine serum levels.ResultsThe mean serum concentrations of all cytokines decreased after the administration of 0.012 μg/kg of Pd-NPs, whereas exceeded the control levels at higher exposure doses. The highest concentration of Pd-NPs (12 μg/kg) induced a significant increase of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, GM-CSF and INF-γ compared to controls.Discussion and ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that Pd-NP exposure can affect the immune response of rats inducing a stimulatory action that becomes significant at the highest administered dose. Our findings did not show an imbalance between cytokines produced by CD4+ T helper (Th) cells 1 and 2, thus suggesting a generalized stimulation of the immune system with a simultaneous activation and polarization of the naïve T cells towards Th1 and Th2 phenotype.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Exposure to Palladium Nanoparticles Affects Serum Levels of Cytokines in Female Wistar Rats

et al. 2015

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“…The increase in the concentration of interferon γ demonstrates the inflammatory potential of AuNPs [24]. Palladium nanoparticles have been shown to induce IFN-γ release and increase the expression of IFN- γ mRNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells [25]. Figure 4 shows ROC analysis of the measured parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of potential biomarkers of gold nanoparticle toxicity in rat brains

Siddiqi

Abdelhalim

El‐Ansary

et al. 2012

J Neuroinflammation

108

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BackgroundGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are finding increased use in therapeutics and imaging. However, their toxic effects still remain to be elucidated. Therefore this study was undertaken to study the biochemical effects of AuNPs on rat brain and identify potential biomarkers of AuNP toxicity.MethodsMale Wister rats weighing 150–200 g were injected with 20 μg/kg body weight of 20-nm gold nanoparticles for 3 days through the intraperitoneal route. The rats were killed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation 24 h after the last dose of gold nanoparticle injection. The parameters studied included lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine, caspase-3, heat shock protein70, serotonin, dopamine, gamma amino-butyric acid and interferon-γ.ResultsIn this study AuNPs caused generation of oxidative stress and a decrease of antioxidant enzyme, viz., glutathione peroxidase activity in rat brain. This was accompanied by an increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, caspase-3 and heat shock protein70, which might lead to DNA damage and cell death. Gold nanoparticles also caused a significant decrease in the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, indicating a possible change in the behavior of the treated animals. There was a significant increase in the cerebral levels of IFN-γ in treated animals.ConclusionThis study concludes that AuNPs cause generation of oxidative stress and an impairment of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase in rat brain. AuNPs also cause generation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG), caspase-3 and heat shock protein70 (Hsp70), and IFN-γ, which may lead to inflammation and DNA damage/cell death.

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“…Similar pattern of Th2 cytokines production is induced by other MeNPs for example Ag- and ZnONPs [ 79 – 81 ]. On the contrary, Fe 2 O 3 -, NiO-, Co 3 O 4 - and PdNPs favor the production of Th1 cytokines by peripheral monocytes [ 24 , 41 , 82 – 84 ] hypothetically favoring the spreading of autoimmune diseases. Table 3 summarizes the immunostimulating effects of MeNPs.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered metal based nanoparticles and innate immunity

et al. 2015

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Almost all people in developed countries are exposed to metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) that are used in a large number of applications including medical (for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes). Once inside the body, absorbed by inhalation, contact, ingestion and injection, MeNPs can translocate to tissues and, as any foreign substance, are likely to encounter the innate immunity system that represent a non-specific first line of defense against potential threats to the host. In this review, we will discuss the possible effects of MeNPs on various components of the innate immunity (both specific cells and barriers). Most important is that there are no reports of immune diseases induced by MeNPs exposure: we are operating in a safe area. However, in vitro assays show that MeNPs have some effects on innate immunity, the main being toxicity (both cyto- and genotoxicity) and interference with the activity of various cells through modification of membrane receptors, gene expression and cytokine production. Such effects can have both negative and positive relevant impacts on humans. On the one hand, people exposed to high levels of MeNPs, as workers of industries producing or applying MeNPs, should be monitored for possible health effects. On the other hand, understanding the modality of the effects on immune responses is essential to develop medical applications for MeNPs. Indeed, those MeNPs that are able to stimulate immune cells could be used to develop of new vaccines, promote immunity against tumors and suppress autoimmunity.

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Effects of Palladium Nanoparticles on the Cytokine Release from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Palladium-Sensitized Women

Abstract: Palladium ions and nanoparticles exert different effects in vitro on the expression and release of cytokines.

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Exposure to Palladium Nanoparticles Affects Serum Levels of Cytokines in Female Wistar Rats

Exposure to Palladium Nanoparticles Affects Serum Levels of Cytokines in Female Wistar Rats

Identification of potential biomarkers of gold nanoparticle toxicity in rat brains

Engineered metal based nanoparticles and innate immunity

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