Effects of Parasite Attributes and Injected Current Parameters on Electromagnetic Detection of Parasites in Fish Muscle

Abstract

We examined the potential of an electromagnetic parasite detection technique to become the basis of an automated commercial system. The effects of parasite orientation and position, presence of fish bone, and applied signal strength and frequency on resultant magnetic field strength were determined by scanning a conducting cell containing fish fillet and parasite below a SQUID magnetometer. The parasite orientation affected peak-to-peak voltage of the magnetic dipole. The parasite position with respect to myotome structure seemed to affect the orientation of the dipolar signal. A fish bone was readily detected. The magnetic field strength was independent of the frequency of the injected current and scaled with amplitude=.

The artificial digestion method underestimates the viability of Anisakis simplex (s.l.) L3 present in processed fish products

“…Other proposed methods include artificial digestion ( Hauck, 1977 ; Leinemann and Karl, 1988 ; FAO CODEX STAN 244, 2004 ; EFSA BIOHAZ. Panel, 2010 ; Llarena-Reino et al, 2013 ; Fraulo et al, 2014 ; Karl et al, 2014 ; Cammilleri et al, 2016 ), those based on UV fluorescence imaging (366 nm) ( Pippy, 1970 ; Karl and Leinemann, 1993 ; Karl, 2008 ; Levsen and Lunestad, 2010 ; Levsen and Karl, 2014 ; Gómez-Morales et al, 2018 ), image spectroscopy ( Stormo et al, 2004 ; Heia et al, 2007 ; Sivertsen et al, 2012 ), magnetic resonance imaging ( Bao et al, 2017 ), or electromagnetic detection ( Choudhury et al, 2002 ). Parasite material detection methods include the measurement of specific DNA sequences or target proteins, including allergens, but they are not suited for routine inspection yet ( Chalmers et al, 2020 ).…”

Automatic Nematode Detection in Cod Fillets (Gadus Morhua) by Transillumination Hyperspectral Imaging

“…Due to the high costs of manual inspection, it is of great interest for the fish processing industry to have this operation automated. Various techniques such as fluorescence (Pippy 1970), ultrasound (Hafsteinsson and others 1989), magnetometer measurements (Choudhury and others 2002), computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (Heia and others 1997), multispectral imaging (Wold and others 2001), and imaging spectroscopy (Heia and others 2007; Sigernes and others 2000) have been proposed for detection of nematodes in cod muscle. Many of these methods have achieved promising results under lab conditions and on small segments of cod fillets, but neither of the methods have so far been tested under industrial conditions on full size cod fillets.…”