“…Relationships have been reported previously between violent assault and substance use in women (Kilpatrick, Acierno, Resnick, Saunders, & Best, 1997) and family violence and depression (Pianta & Egeland, 1994). Childhood maltreatment and family violence have been associated with less self-esteem in adulthood (Goodman & Dutton, 1996;Liem & Boudewyn, 1999;Mullen, Martin, Anderson, Romans, & Herbison, 1996;Solomon & Serres, 1999). Lower self-esteem has also predicted greater distress among homeless women (Nyamathi, Stein, & Bayley, 2000) and has been associated with more substance abuse in homeless populations (Unger, Kipke, Simon, Montgomery, & Johnson, 1997).…”