Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by yeast hydrolysate on antioxidant capability, intestinal morphology, and inflammation-related gene expression of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fish meal (FM) replacement by yeast hydrolysate (YH) on liver antioxidant capability, intestinal morphology, and inflammation-related genes of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 600 fish (average initial weight 19.44 ± 0.06 g) were randomly selected and divided into five groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets replacing FM by YH 0% (YH0), 1% (YH1), 3% (YH3), 5% (YH5), and 7% (YH7) were formulated. Each diet was tested in four replicates for 10 weeks. The results have shown that, compared to the control group (YH0), liver total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione (GSH) activities of fish fed YH1 and YH3 diets were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration significantly increased as supplementation levels of YH increased from 1 to 7% (P < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal microvillus length of juvenile Jian carp fed YH diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). In proximal intestine, the relative expression levels of inflammation-related genes (ALP, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in YH7 were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). However, in midintestine, the expression levels of these genes in YH3 were significantly lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicated that dietary replacement of FM by 3%YH could improve antioxidant capability and intestinal microvillus morphology, as well as enhance the non-specific immunity of juvenile Jian carp.

Effects of yeast hydrolysate supplementation on intestinal morphology, barrier, and anti-inflammatory functions of broilers

“…Similar with our results, Fu et al [ 26 ] presented that supplementing YH increased jejunal VH and VH/CD as well as gut development-related genes expression to maintain intestinal integrity in weaned piglets. A previous study showed that dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae hydrolysate increased the villus length and muscle thickness in the foregut and midgut as well as intestinal microvillus length and density in aquatic animals, thus increasing the intestinal absorptive surface area and improving nutrient capture [ 6 ], which might help to improve feed efficiency. Besides, other yeast-derived additives including live yeast and yeast culture also showed positive effects on intestinal morphology [ 13 , 27 ].…”

“…Interleukin 10, secreted by activated macrophages, is a key cytokine to restrain the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and maintain immune balance of the body [ 13 ]. Conversely, TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly produced by macrophages and monocytes, which level increases in many pathological conditions [ 5 , 6 ]. An article reported that lower serum immunoglobulins A and E levels and higher intestinal TNF-α level were observed in IL-10 gene knockout mice compared with the mice without knockout [ 39 ].…”

“…Supplementing yeast nucleotide up-regulated ileal ZO-1 and CLDN genes expression to increase the integrality of mechanical barrier in chickens [34]. Wang Conversely, TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly produced by macrophages and monocytes, which level is always increased in many pathological conditions [5][6]. An interesting article reported that lower serum immunoglobulins A and E levels and higher intestinal TNF-α level were observed in IL-10 gene knockout mice compared with the mice without knockout [39].…”

“…Various yeast-derived products including yeast culture, yeast extracts, yeast hydrolysate and yeast cell wall, are natural feed additives which have been applied in animal production for many years [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Dietary supplementation with whole yeast and yeast cell wall showed positive effects on pancreatic enzyme activities and ileal protein digestibility, thus improving growth performance and meat yield of broiler chickens [10].…”

Liver immune parameters, complement pathway, inflammatory factor and TOR genes expression of silver sillago, Sillago sihama , fed with diets replacing fish meal with low‐gossypol cottonseed meal

“…Replacing fish meal with high concentrations of plant proteins can cause inflammatory reactions in the intestinal tract (Urán et al, 2008;Yuan et al, 2019). Most research on the inflammatory response focuses on the intestines rather than the liver.…”