Effects of particle size on the electrochemical properties of aluminum powders as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Lei, Xuefeng; Wang, Chi-Wei; Yi, Zonghui; Liang, Yanxiang; Sun, Jutang

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.04.019

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Data for O-Al and L-Al were very similar, so only O-Al data was shown in Figure 5. These resistivities reflect the presence of aluminium passivation layers, and are consistent with previously reported data [29]. However, it was found here that at variable applied voltages (typically > 100 V) resistivities fall below 5 × 10 2 Ω·cm, a resistivity that reflects the maximum current measured by the Keysight system.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity and Resistivity Measurements of Al Nanothermites and their Fuel and Oxidant Precursors

Kelly

Béland

Brousseau

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:The sensitivity of nanothermites to electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been noted by many authors. In the present work, nanothermites have been prepared using aluminium fuels with oxide 11 Ω·cm exceeds that of the oxidants studied. An ESD sensitivity trend, based on a reduced proportion of spark current carried by the aluminium fuel, is proposed and was consistent with the observed ESD and resistivity data.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity and Resistivity Measurements of Al Nanothermites and their Fuel and Oxidant Precursors

Kelly

Béland

Brousseau

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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“…Others have investigated the use of thermal evaporation to produce thin films [29], nanopillar aluminum arrays [33,34], or various particle sizes [35]. To avoid this native oxide layer and provide a high surface area aluminum to interact with Li + , we utilized decomposed alane (AlH 3 ) as the source of aluminum [36,37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Reversible Lithiation of an Oxide Free Aluminum Anode by a LiBH4 Solid State Electrolyte

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this study, we analyze and compare the physical and electrochemical properties of an all solid-state cell utilizing LiBH 4 as the electrolyte and aluminum as the active anode material. The system was characterized by galvanostatic lithiation/delithiation, cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Constant current cycling demonstrated that the aluminum anode can be reversibly lithiated over multiple cycles utilizing a solid-state electrolyte. An initial capacity of 895 mAh/g was observed and is close to the theoretical capacity of aluminum. Cyclic voltammetry of the cell was consistent with the constant current cycling data and showed that the reversible lithiation/delithiation of aluminum occurs at 0.32 V and 0.38 V (vs. Li + /Li) respectively. XRD of the aluminum anode in the initial and lithiated state clearly showed the formation of a LiAl (1:1) alloy. SEM-EDS was utilized to examine the morphological changes that occur within the electrode during cycling. This work is the first example of reversible lithiation of aluminum in a solid-state cell and further emphasizes the robust nature of the LiBH 4 electrolyte. This demonstrates the possibility of utilizing other high capacity anode materials with a LiBH 4 based solid electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries.

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“…[36] It was demonstrated that the Al foil-Li half cell exhibited the best cycling performance in a 1 m LiPF 6 solution in a mixture Al powders with different sizes ranging from micro to nanoscale were also investigated by Lei et al, and the effect of particle size on the electrochemical performance of Al-Li half cell was discussed. [61] The Al powder with 15 µm delivered both high initial charge capacity of 608.0 mA h g −1 and relatively good cycling stability for 10 cycles, while the powder with larger size of 37 µm and smaller size below 3 µm displayed poor electrochemical performance. They claimed that with the increase of particle size, more lithium took part in the insertion process, resulting in bigger volume expansion and crack of surface film; with smaller particle size, the particles possessed more content of aluminum oxide, which was electrochemically inactive and also increased the electrical resistance, thus both leading to poor cycling performance.…”

Section: Pure Al Anodes For Libsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Low‐Cost Metallic Anode Materials for High Performance Rechargeable Batteries

Wang

Zhang

Lee

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

196

107

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density. Therefore, developing highcapacity anode and cathode materials or new battery systems have drawn extensive attentions. [6,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Metal anodes, especially those with high-capacity and low-cost are promising alternative anode materials for LIBs in replace of graphite anode. [29][30][31][32][33][34] Generally, the metal anodes electrochemically alloy/ de-alloy with Li + to complete the battery reaction, which can store more energy than the intercalation/deintercalation mechanism in graphite. Table 1 displays the electrochemical properties of typical metallic anodes (Al, Sn, Zn, Mg, Sb, and Bi) with Li and graphite for comparison. While the graphite anodes suffer from low capacity (372 mA h g −1 ) and Li anodes suffer from severe safety issues caused by lithium dendrites, these metal anodes have many advantages in terms of high theoretical capacities, moderate operation potential for less dendrites formation, high abundance and low cost. [35] For example, aluminum has high theoretical capacity (993 mA h g −1 or 1411 mA h cm −3 for LiAl) with moderate potential plateau (≈0.38 V vs Li + /Li). [35,36] Considering both of the capacity increase and voltage drop by using metal anodes in a LIB model, Obrovac et al. calculated the volumetric energy increase in comparison to graphite based commercial battery (Table 1). [37] In such a model, the volumetric energy densities could be increased by different extents ranging from 10-42% when metal anodes were used. It is worth noticing that some recent studies have raised the idea of directly using metal foil as active anode material and simultaneously current collector. [38,39] This strategy can eliminate the usage of binder and conductive carbon black for anode preparation, simplify the battery processing steps, and also increase the loading amount of active materials, thus further enhancing the energy density and reducing the battery prices.While the metal anodes show good potential for application in high-performance LIBs, the main challenge for these metallic anodes is their large volume change caused by lithiation/delithiation process during cycling. [37,40,41] As the lithiation proceeds more deeply, the volume change becomes more severely for alloying anodes. For instance, the volume change of Sn (260%, Li 4.4 Sn) is larger than Al (97%, LiAl). The huge volume change could cause crack and pulverization of metal anodes, resulting in quick capacity decay and short cycling life. [42][43][44][45][46] Besides, metallic anode materials usually exhibited high first-cycle capacity loss due to their high reactivity withThe ever-growing market of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has significantly stimulated research interests on new-generation rechargeable battery systems with high energy density, satisfying safety and low cost. With unique potentials to achieve high energy density and low cost, rechargeable batteries based on metal anodes are capable of storing more energy via an alloying/de-alloying process, in comparison to tradi...

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Effects of particle size on the electrochemical properties of aluminum powders as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 61 publications

References 16 publications

Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity and Resistivity Measurements of Al Nanothermites and their Fuel and Oxidant Precursors

Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity and Resistivity Measurements of Al Nanothermites and their Fuel and Oxidant Precursors

Investigation of the Reversible Lithiation of an Oxide Free Aluminum Anode by a LiBH4 Solid State Electrolyte

Low‐Cost Metallic Anode Materials for High Performance Rechargeable Batteries

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