Effects of passive heating intervention on muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function: A preliminary systematic review with meta-analysis

Rodrigues, Patrick; Trajano, Gabriel S.; Wharton, Lee; Minett, Geoffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102684

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Sprint exercise included a few bouts (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) of all-out sprints (from ~ 15 s up to ~ 90 s) interspersed with prolonged recovery periods (at least 8 times the duration of the sprint) (Table 3). Only one study investigated chronic adaptations to sprint training (3 cycling sessions/week for 6 weeks) when combined with post-exercise CWI [17] (Table 3).…”

Section: Definition Of Exercise Forms and Modes Of Cooling And Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooling has generally been thought to improve recovery by reducing the feelings of muscle soreness, alleviating exercise-induced muscle damage, and decreasing inflammation and edema, as has been discussed in previous reviews [2][3][4][5][6]. Application of local heating is more commonly used in the rehabilitation setting to treat musculoskeletal injuries or to protect muscle from potential damage [7,8]. Although frequently used by athletes, its impact on post-exercise recovery and performance has not been extensively investigated [3,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise

et al. 2022

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The application of post-exercise cooling (e.g., cold water immersion) and post-exercise heating has become a popular intervention which is assumed to increase functional recovery and may improve chronic training adaptations. However, the effectiveness of such post-exercise temperature manipulations remains uncertain. The aim of this comprehensive review was to analyze the effects of post-exercise cooling and post-exercise heating on neuromuscular function (maximal strength and power), fatigue resistance, exercise performance, and training adaptations. We focused on three exercise types (resistance, endurance and sprint exercises) and included studies investigating (1) the early recovery phase, (2) the late recovery phase, and (3) repeated application of the treatment. We identified that the primary benefit of cooling was in the early recovery phase (< 1 h post-exercise) in improving fatigue resistance in hot ambient conditions following endurance exercise and possibly enhancing the recovery of maximal strength following resistance exercise. The primary negative impact of cooling was with chronic exposure which impaired strength adaptations and decreased fatigue resistance following resistance training intervention (12 weeks and 4–12 weeks, respectively). In the early recovery phase, cooling could also impair sprint performance following sprint exercise and could possibly reduce neuromuscular function immediately after endurance exercise. Generally, no benefits of acute cooling were observed during the 24–72-h recovery period following resistance and endurance exercises, while it could have some benefits on the recovery of neuromuscular function during the 24–48-h recovery period following sprint exercise. Most studies indicated that chronic cooling does not affect endurance training adaptations following 4–6 week training intervention. We identified limited data employing heating as a recovery intervention, but some indications suggest promise in its application to endurance and sprint exercise.

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Section: Definition Of Exercise Forms and Modes Of Cooling And Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise

et al. 2022

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“…Changes in muscle contractility are known to influence MVC torque, and although increased RTD and lower 0.5RT have been observed following passive HA (Racinais et al 2017b), this was not seen in the present study and thus does not explain increases in knee extensor MVC torque. Although speculative, one explanation for the increases in knee extensor torque may have been due to increased muscle volume, as has been observed following passive heat acclimation (Rodrigues et al 2020). However, as muscle volume was not measured in the present study, there is no conclusive evidence to suggest this is the mechanism underpinning the observed strength changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term heat acclimation preserves knee extensor torque but does not improve 20 km self-paced cycling performance in the heat

et al. 2021

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Purpose This study investigated the effect of 5 days of heat acclimation training on neuromuscular function, intestinal damage, and 20 km cycling (20TT) performance in the heat. Methods Eight recreationally trained males completed two 5-day training blocks (cycling 60 min day−1 at 50% peak power output) in a counter-balanced, cross-over design, with a 20TT completed before and after each block. Training was conducted in hot (HA: 34.9 ± 0.7 °C, 53 ± 4% relative humidity) or temperate (CON: 22.2 ± 2.6 °C, 65 ± 8% relative humidity) environment. All 20TTs were completed in the heat (35.1 ± 0.5 °C, 51 ± 4% relative humidity). Neuromuscular assessment of knee extensors (5 × 5 s maximum voluntary contraction; MVC) was completed before and after each 20TT and on the first and last days of each training block. Results MVC torque was statistically higher after 5 days of HA training compared to CON (mean difference = 14 N m [95% confidence interval; 6, 23]; p < 0.001; d = 0.77). However, 20TT performance after 5 days of HA training was not statistically different to CON, with a between-conditions mean difference in the completion time of 68 s [95% confidence interval; − 9, 145] (p = 0.076; d = 0.35). Conclusion Short-term heat acclimation training may increase knee extensor strength without changes in central fatigue or intestinal damage. Nevertheless, it is insufficient to improve 20 km self-paced cycling performance in the heat compared to workload-matched training in a temperate environment. These data suggest that recreationally trained athletes gain no worthwhile performance advantage from short-term heat-training before competing in the heat.

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“…However, passive heating did not affect blood glucose concentrations or insulin sensitivity compared with a control group. In skeletal muscle, there is preliminary evidence that chronic passive heating can promote hypertrophy in animal and human models, alongside augmented voluntary and involuntary strength [61]. With further study, passive heating might be a worthwhile non-pharmacologic and exercise mimetic strategy for people that are unable to complete sufficient exercise.…”

Section: Non-pharmacological 'Exercise Mimetic' Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise Mimetics: An Emerging and Controversial Topic in Sport and Exercise Physiology

ElMeligie¹

2022

Exercise Physiology

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Over the previous decade, there has been growing and fervent interest in scientific and commercial circles regarding the potential of bioactive compounds that mimic, or augment, the effects of exercise. These developments have given rise to the moniker ‘exercise pills’ or ‘exercise mimetics’. The emergence of such orally-delivered bioactive compounds could hold substantial therapeutic value for combating metabolic disease. Such treatments might also present therapeutic value for morbidly obese individuals or those recovering from severe injury. This topic is not without controversy, however, as the search for a ‘one size fits all’ solution is not likely to bear fruit, given the complexity of the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved. The primary goal of this chapter is to explore the challenges of designing a pill that might reliably deliver the myriad and complex adaptations afforded by exercise training, with a focus on skeletal muscle. Furthermore, it will consider the issues, rationale, and practicality of implementing such therapeutics as a credible substitute to engaging in regular exercise training.

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Effects of passive heating intervention on muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function: A preliminary systematic review with meta-analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise

Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise

Short-term heat acclimation preserves knee extensor torque but does not improve 20 km self-paced cycling performance in the heat

Exercise Mimetics: An Emerging and Controversial Topic in Sport and Exercise Physiology

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