Effects of pentachlorophenol and some of its known and possible metabolites on different species of bacteria

Ruckdeschel, G.; Renner, Gerhard; Schwarz, Karin

doi:10.1128/aem.53.11.2689-2692.1987

Cited by 67 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Both state 3 and state 4 mitochondrial respiration rates were inhibited at concentrations > 1. 33 malate or a-ketoglutarate as substrates (NAD linked) affected mitochondrial respiration in a manner comparable to that of succinate in all of the experiments (data not shown).…”

Section: Oxygen Uptake and Respiratory Controlmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effects of Chlorinated Phenols on Rat Embryonic and Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

Narasimhan¹,

Mayura²,

Clement³

et al. 1992

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Chlorinated phenols (CPs), including pentachlorophenol, selected positional isomers from each major group of CPs, and phenol were previously selected from 38 possible compounds and ranked according to developmental toxicity. The present study was designed to utilize these compounds (and a variety of chemical derivatives) to elucidate the mechanism(s) of developmental toxicity of the chlorinated phenols. Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation from rat embryos (REM) and maternal liver (MLM) on day 15 of gestation. The higher CPs, i.e., pentachlorophenol (C,P), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-C4P), and 2,3,5-trichlorophenoI (2,3,5-C3P) at concentrations > 1.33 pM, inhibited ADP phosphorylation and state 4 respiration in the presence of either glutamate plus malate or a-ketoglutarate or succinate. These compounds also exerted a significant uncoupling activity at a concentration of 1.33 pM, with C,P > 2,3,4,5-C4P > 2,3,5-C3P.The lower CPs, i.e., 3,s-dichlorophenol (3,5-C2P), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), and phenol, produced comparable mitochondrial effects, but only at a higher concentration (20 pM). Enhanced mitochondrial ATPase activity (with and without Mg2+) was induced by C,P, 2,3,4,5-C4P and 2,3,5-C3P at concentrations that exhibited maximum uncoupling activity. The CPs (except for the derivative C,P-anisole) caused significant mitochondria1 swelling. The reversal of oligomycin-inhibited respiration by C,P from REM or MLM was also reproducible in the intact Hydra attenuata. A correlation of 0.9 ( p = 0.0151) between CP-induced uncoupling activity and the reciprocal of the minimal affective concentration in the Hydra developmental assay was observed. These findings suggest that CPs may elicit their effects by interacting with target cell mitochondria.

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Section: Oxygen Uptake and Respiratory Controlmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effects of Chlorinated Phenols on Rat Embryonic and Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

Narasimhan¹,

Mayura²,

Clement³

et al. 1992

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…Bacterial cultures are stable, easily maintained at a low cost, and in a single assay large numbers of cells can be exposed to a contaminant, making them ideal organisms for rapid screening of solutions (Zibilski & Wagner 1982;Bakken & Olsen 1987). The measurement of growth inhibition, respiration and viability of cells (Reteuna et al 1989) has routinely been carried out on a wide range of organisms from different ecological niches (Ruckdeschel et al 1987). Bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Aeromonas and Citrobacter have commonly been used to assess the effect of contaminants on growth inhibition, respiration or cell viability.…”

Section: Biological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological tools for the assessment of contaminated land: applied soil ecotoxicology

Paton

Killham

Weitz

et al. 2005

Soil Use and Management

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Chemical analysis alone is inadequate for comprehensively assessing the impact of soil pollution on biota. The term bioavailability can only be applied in a context specific to a target biological receptor or a proven chemical surrogate. Integration of biological and chemical data can often yield significant advances in hazard assessment and act as a suitable baseline for making site-specific risk assessments. Here, the value of biological techniques is discussed and their application described. The relative merit of test selection is considered and the new direction being developed in sublethal assessments. Currently, however, one of the major limitations is the seeming lack of flexibility of many assays in that they are either applicable to agricultural systems or industrial scenarios, but rarely to both. As a consequence, few assays have internationally adopted protocols. The introduction of new methods and the continued improvement and refinement of assays make this area of soil science dynamic and responsive.

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“…The chloroanisoles produced by O-methylation are often less toxic to bacteria and fungi than the corresponding chlorophenols [43,113,[125][126][127], suggesting that O-methylation might function as a detoxification mechanism. However, the ability to O-methylate chlorophenols was found in strains enriched on chlorophenols and in strains that had no known previous exposure to a chlorophenol, indicating that the trait is not the results of adaptation to chlorophenols [108].…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Chlorinated Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Häggblom

1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

363

132

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Considerable progress has been made in the last few years in understanding the mechanisms of microbial degradation of halogenated aromatic compounds. Much is already known about the degradation mechanisms under aerobic conditions, and metabolism under anaerobiosis has lately received increasing attention. The removal of the halogen substituent is a key step in degradation of halogenated aromatics. This may occur as an initial step via reductive, hydrolytic or oxygenolytic mechanisms, or after cleavage of the aromatic ring at a later stage of metabolism. In addition to degradation, several biotransformation reactions, such as methylation and polymerization, may take place and produce more toxic or recalcitrant metabolites. Studies with pure bacterial and fungal cultures have given detailed information on the biodegradation pathways of several halogenated aromatic compounds. Several of the key enzymes have been purified or studied in cell extracts, and there is an increasing understanding of the organization and regulation of the genes involved in haloaromatic degradation. This review will focus on the biodegradation and biotransformation pathways that have been established for halogenated phenols, phenoxyalkanoic acids, benzoic acids, benzenes, anilines and structurally related halogenated aromatic pesticides. There is a growing interest in developing microbiological methods for clean‐up of soil and water contaminated with halogenated aromatic compounds.

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Effects of pentachlorophenol and some of its known and possible metabolites on different species of bacteria

Cited by 67 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of Chlorinated Phenols on Rat Embryonic and Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

Effects of Chlorinated Phenols on Rat Embryonic and Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

Biological tools for the assessment of contaminated land: applied soil ecotoxicology

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

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