Effects of perceptual learning on primary visual cortex activity in humans

Pourtois, Gilles; Rauss, Karsten; Vuilleumier, Patrik; Schwartz, Sophie

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2007.10.027

Cited by 128 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Importantly, regression analysis revealed variability in modulation indices across individuals was correlated with performance variability and thus suggests that the learning effect is related to physiological changes. The current findings linking practice-related WM improvement with decreased interference processing are in line with reports of decreases in visual cortical activity with learning in previous ERP (Pourtois et al 2008), fMRI (Milham et al 2003;Mukai et al 2007), and PET (Schiltz et al 1999) studies.…”

Section: Influence Of Practice On Interference Processing and Wmsupporting

confidence: 91%

Practice-Related Improvement in Working Memory is Modulated by Changes in Processing External Interference

Berry

Zanto²,

Rutman³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Berry AS, Zanto TP, Rutman AM, Clapp WC, Gazzaley A. Practicerelated improvement in working memory is modulated by changes in processing external interference. J Neurophysiol 102: 1779 -1789. First published July 8, 2009 doi:10.1152/jn.00179.2009. Working memory (WM) performance is impaired by the presence of external interference. Accordingly, more efficient processing of intervening stimuli with practice may lead to enhanced WM performance. To explore the role of practice on the impact that interference has on WM performance, we studied young adults with electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings as they performed three motion-direction, delayed-recognition tasks. One task was presented without interference, whereas two tasks introduced different types of interference during the interval of memory maintenance: distractors and interruptors. Distractors were to be ignored, whereas interruptors demanded attention based on task instructions for a perceptual discrimination. We show that WM performance was disrupted by both types of interference, but interference-induced disruption abated across a single experimental session through rapid learning. WM accuracy and response time improved in a manner that was correlated with changes in early neural measures of interference processing in visual cortex (i.e., P1 suppression and N1 enhancement). These results suggest practice-related changes in processing interference exert a positive influence on WM performance, highlighting the importance of filtering irrelevant information and the dynamic interactions that exist between neural processes of perception, attention, and WM during learning.

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Section: Influence Of Practice On Interference Processing and Wmsupporting

confidence: 91%

Practice-Related Improvement in Working Memory is Modulated by Changes in Processing External Interference

Berry

Zanto²,

Rutman³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…in (Pourtois et al, 2008;Rauss et al, 2009). The peripheral textures were presented with a temporal jitter with respect to the offset of the central stimuli, thus never overlapping in time with them, and they were to be ignored by the participants.…”

Section: Stimuli and Taskmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The C1 has for a long time been described as being resistant to modulatory effects exerted by distant fronto-parietal attention control regions onto lower tier visual cortex (Clark and Hillyard, 1996;Handy et al, 2001;Martinez et al, 1999). More recently, systematic C1 amplitude changes have been reported with top-down cognitive manipulations (see Rauss et al, 2011a for a recent review), including perceptual learning and expertise (Bao et al, 2010;Jin et al, 2010;Pourtois et al, 2008), emotional valence (Eldar et al, 2010;Halgren et al, 2000;Pourtois et al, 2004;West et al, 2011), and featurebased or spatial attention (Karns and Knight, 2009;Kelly et al, 2008;Proverbio et al, 2010;Zani and Proverbio, 2009). With regards to attention, not only increases of the C1 to attended visual stimuli were shown, but also substantial reductions of this same early visual component to unattended or task-irrelevant stimuli were evidenced, suggesting flexible and adaptive gain control mechanisms exerted by putative fronto-parietal networks onto lower tier visual cortex, 2009, 2011b) and emotion control (Stolarova er al., 2006) by themselves yield amplitude modulations of the C1 component during visual perception, we hypothesized a possible combined effect of the two factors influencing this early visual evoked component.…”

Section: Permeability Of Human V1 To Cognitive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Rossi

2012

NeuroImage

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Converging electrophysiological and brain-imaging results show that sensory processing in V1 can be modulated by attention. In this study, we tested the prediction that this early filtering effect depends on the current affective state of the participant. We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to visual peripheral distractors while participants performed a demanding task at fixation, whose perceptual load was manipulated in a parametric fashion. Crucially, levels of negative affect were either increased or decreased independently of changes in perceptual load.Concurrent psychophysiological measurements and self-report scales confirmed that changes in emotional state were effective. In the control condition, ERP results showed that the C1 component generated in response to the exact same peripheral distractors systematically varied in amplitude with the amount of perceptual load imposed at fixation, being larger when perceptual load decreased. However, this early modulatory effect in V1 was disrupted when participants transiently experienced increased state anxiety, resulting in a decreased C1 amplitude even though task load at fixation remained low. These results suggest that early bottom-up processing in V1 is not only influenced by the amount of attention resources available, but also by the current internal state of the participant.

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“…1a). These unpredictable and uninformative peripheral stimuli were previously associated with the generation of a reliable C1 component, with its main generators source-localized in V1 (Pourtois et al, 2008;Rauss et al, 2009). In the other 50% of the trials, no peripheral stimulus was shown in periphery during the ISI, but in order to maintain the exact same temporal structure for all trials a black dummy was presented for the same duration (invisible to the participants).…”

Section: Stimuli and Taskmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electrical neuroimaging reveals content-specific effects of threat in primary visual cortex and fronto-parietal attentional networks

Rossi

Pourtois

2014

NeuroImage

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Whereas effects of anticipatory anxiety on attention are usually assumed to remain largely undifferentiated, discrepant findings in the literature suggest that, depending on its content and causes, different modulatory effects on attention control and early sensory processing may arise.Using electrical neuroimaging and psychophysiology in a cross-over design, we tested the hypothesis that different types of anticipatory anxiety (bodily vs. psychological), transiently induced in healthy participants, had dissociable effects on brain systems regulating attention control. Attention control corresponded to the ability to maintain efficient goal-directed processing (indexed by the P300 ERP component and by activations in the attentional networks), as well as the ability to filter out irrelevant stimuli in early sensory cortex (C1 component, indexing attentional gating in V1). Results showed that while psychosocial threat, very much like perceptual load, primarily led to a stronger gating in V1, bodily threat resulted in impaired goaldirected processing within the fronto-parietal attentional network, as well as decreased filtering in V1. These results suggest that anticipatory anxiety is multifaceted, exerting different effects on attention control and early visual processing depending on its sub-type.

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Effects of perceptual learning on primary visual cortex activity in humans

Cited by 128 publications

References 39 publications

Practice-Related Improvement in Working Memory is Modulated by Changes in Processing External Interference

Practice-Related Improvement in Working Memory is Modulated by Changes in Processing External Interference

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Electrical neuroimaging reveals content-specific effects of threat in primary visual cortex and fronto-parietal attentional networks

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