“…Due to the retinotopic organization of V1, the C1 shows reversed polarity in response to stimuli presented in the upper versus the lower visual hemifield. In recent years, a number of top-down factors have been shown to affect the C1, including spatial and feature-based attention (Kelly et al , 2008; Karns and Knight, 2009; Proverbio et al , 2010), perceptual load (Rauss et al , 2009, 2012; Rossi and Pourtois, 2012), perceptual and aversive learning (Stolarova et al , 2006; Pourtois et al , 2008); and anxiety, mood state and emotional processing (Pourtois et al , 2004; Eldar et al , 2010; West et al , 2010; Rossi and Pourtois, 2012, 2014; Vanlessen et al , 2013, 2014). Importantly, however, to date it is unknown whether motivation can modulate the C1 component in human subjects.…”