Effects of pesticides commonly used in peach orchards in Brazil on predatory lacewing Chrysoperla carnea under laboratory conditions

Abstract

Effects of the maximum field recommended concentration of five pesticides currently used on peaches in Brazil; abamectin, deltamethrin, methoxyfenozide, phosmet and trichlorfon were tested on the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). Dimethoate was used as positive standard. Three analytical laboratory tests, based on IOBC-working group pesticides and beneficial organisms guidelines were used: (1) exposure to fresh pesticide residue on glass plates of (a) larvae (susceptible life stage) and (b) adults (less susceptible life stage); (2) direct spraying of eggs and pupae; (3) exposure of larvae and adults to pesticide residues on plant leaves at different intervals after application (persistence). In tests 1, abamectin was slightly harmful to C. carnea larvae and phosmet and trichlorfon were slightly harmful and moderately harmful to C. carnea adults, respectively. After direct spraying of eggs and pupae, all the pesticides were harmless. In the persistence tests, abamectin and trichlorfon were classified as short lived and therefore they could be considered for use in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs under special conditions (i.e. reduced direct contact). Phosmet, however, caused between 56.3 and 75.0% mortality up to 30 days after treatment and it was rated as persistent. No sublethal effects were detected in the reproductive behaviour of adults (fecundity and fertility) compared with the control in any treatment. In conclusion, the insecticides with little or no toxicity to C. carnea such as abamectin, deltamethrin and methoxyfenozide could be considered as IPM-compatible, subject to further field studies.

The efficacy of four common anthelmintic drugs and traditional Chinese medicinal plant extracts to control Dactylogyrus vastator (Monogenea)

“…Similarly, Lekimme et al (2006) showed that phoxim had some low ovicidal effect against mite eggs of Psoroptes ovis. Our results demonstrated that trichlorfon had no effect on egg hatching, a finding supported by Giolo et al (2009) and Umeda et al (2006) who reported that trichlorfon had no significant effect on the egg hatching success of Chrysoperla carnea and Pseudodactylogyrus. There had been few reports about the effects of mebendazole and the ethyl acetate extract of E. fischeriana on egg hatching and embryonic development of D. vastator.…”

Toxicity and sublethal effects of six insecticides to last instar larvae and adults of the biocontrol agents Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

“…The reproduction test started 5-7 d after the first egg was laid. Along one week, two samples of <24-h eggs were collected from each replicate and kept in separate plastic cages (9 cm in diameter  2 cm in height) for incubation until hatching, and the egg viability was determined (Giolo et al, 2009).…”

Residual Effect of Pesticides used in Integrated Apple Production on Chrysoperlaexterna (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Larvae

“…Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is one of the most important natural enemies in apple orchards (Freitas and Penny, 2001;Medina et al, 2003;Athan et al, 2004) and has been reported as an efficient biological control agent of the San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), the apple aphid Aphis citricola van der Goot, 1912 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and the European red spider mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) (Ribeiro and Flores, 2002;Bezerra et al, 2006;Giolo et al, 2009), which are important arthropod pests of apple orchards in southern Brazil.…”