Effects of pH and plant source on lignocellulose biodegradation rates in two wetland ecosystems, the Okefenokee Swamp and a Georgia salt marsh1,2,3

Benner, Ronald; Moran, Mary Ann; Hodson, Robert E.

doi:10.4319/lo.1985.30.3.0489

Cited by 98 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Thus, over this period of decomposition, these results are consistent with those of Marinucci et al (1983). Similarly, Benner et al (1985) found a strong positive correlation between initial nitrogen content of several plant species, including S. alterniflora, and rates of lignocellulose decomposition over the course of a 1 mo laboratory incubation experiment.…”

Section: Relation Of Initial Substrate Quality To Decaysupporting

confidence: 79%

Decomposition in salt marsh ecosystems: phenolic dynamics during decay of litter of Spartina alterniflora

Wilson¹,

Buchsbaum²,

Valiela³

et al. 1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

100

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Loss of weight and change in concentration of soluble phenolics, bound phenolics, lignins, and cell wall material were followed over 2 yr of decay in 4 types of litter of Spartina alterniflora. The pattern of weight loss showed rapid leaching during the first month, temperaturedependent decay during the first year, and little further loss during the second year. Soluble phenolics were lost throughout decomposition. Initially some soluble phenolics may become attached to cell walls; absolute increases in bound phenolics were observed in low marsh litters during the first 2 wk of decay. Lignins were lost at the slowest rate from litter material and increased in relative concentration during decay. Intraspecific differences in litter quality were small, and did not alter the pattern of decomposition among the 4 types of litter. Changes in chemical composition of litter during decay, however, were major controls of decay rates during the second and third phases of decomposition. Decreasing weight loss correlated with increasing lignin and nitrogen content. The increase in nitrogen presumably reflected synthesis of refractory nitrogen-enriched complexes. As decay continued, the litter became progressively enriched in recalcitrant lignin and nitrogen-enriched complexes and little further loss of organic matter occurred.

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Section: Relation Of Initial Substrate Quality To Decaysupporting

confidence: 79%

Decomposition in salt marsh ecosystems: phenolic dynamics during decay of litter of Spartina alterniflora

Wilson¹,

Buchsbaum²,

Valiela³

et al. 1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Early studies suggested that the lignin polymer was essentially inert in the absence of oxygen (Hackett etal., 1977). However, it has since been shown that the complex lignin polymer can undergo anaerobic degradation (Benner et al, 1985(Benner et al, , 1986, but the process can be rather slow and tends to yield unmetabolized products (Colberg and Young, 1982;Young and Frazer, 1987). Anaerobic loss of lignin polymers is -3-30% as complete as aerobic degradation of the same polymers (Benner et al, 1984); the cellulose component is more labile than the lignin component.…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic matter deposited in near-shore marine and most freshwater habitats is composed primarily (-75% by weight) of lignocellulose, a complex mixture of lignin and the polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose (Benner et al, 1985). Lignin is a unique phenolic polymer of nonrepeating units that makes up 25-30% of the biopolymers in vascular plants and is second only to cellulose as the most abundant organic carbon source in the biosphere.…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eukaryotes also contributed significantly to lignin degradation in an acidic freshwater wetland, and eukaryotes degraded both lignin and polysaccharides in a slightly alkaline freshwater wetland. The polysaccharide component is usually decomposed several fold more rapidly than lignin, and the lignocellulose of herbaceous plants decomposes more readily than that of woody plants (Benner et al, 1985). The aerobic catabolism of lignin by fungi and filamentous bacteria utilizes ligninolytic peroxidases (Black and Reddy, 1991;Eriksson et ah, 1990), that often require manganese to be active (Brown et al, 1990;Gettemy et al, 1998).…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Metabolism: Linkages to Trace Gases and Aerobic Processes

Megonigal¹,

Hines²,

Visscher³

2014

Treatise on Geochemistry

128

164

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“…Conversion of complex organic molecules to simpler organic and inorganic constituents by various processes such as abiotic leaching (Harrison and Mann, 1975;Benner et al, 1985), fragmentation (Boulton and Boon, 1991), extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis (Cunningham and Wetzel, 1989), and aerobic and anaerobic catabolic activities of microorganisms could occur depending on environmental conditions, and export or recycle through the ecosystems. Learning the resilience and threshold levels allows to gauge the strengths and weaknesses of our technological advancement and policies to tackle adversities of hydro-climatic changes to many ecosystems including aquatic and semi-aquatic ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study on estimating extra-cellular nitrate reductase activities in estuarine systems

Pant

2009

Knowl. Managt. Aquatic Ecosyst.

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Enzymes catalyzing ammonium (NH 4 + )/nitrate (NO 3 -) into nitrous oxide (N 2 O)/molecular nitrogen (N 2 ), play critical roles in water quality management. The objective of this paper was to investigate the role of extra-cellular enzymes in cycling of nitrogen (N) in aquatic systems. It appears that N in estuaries, salt marshes, etc., does not stay long enough to be available for uptake, thus, creating N limited conditions. This study showed that indigenous extra-cellular nitrate reductase along with others involved in N transformations in the waters/sediments of estuarine systems can cause complete removal of NH 4 + and NO 3 -from the waters and available NH 4 + and NO 3 -from the sediments. These results indicate that due to high extracellular nitrate reductase and other enzymes associated with N transformations in sediments/waters, substantial amounts of NH 4 + and NO 3 -can be quickly lost from the systems as N 2 O and/or nitric oxide (NO), in turn, creating N limited conditions in estuarine systems. Such high activities of indigenous nitrate reductase and others are useful in removing readily bioavailable N from the systems, thereby avoidance of eutrophic conditions. However, they might contribute in increasing the N 2 O, a potent greenhouse gas with global warming potential (GWP) of 296, in the atmosphere. RÉSUMÉ Une étude préliminaire d'estimation des activités nitrate réductase dans des systèmes estuariensLes enzymes catalysant les réactions ammonium (NH 4 + )/nitrate (NO 3 -) en oxyde nitreux (N 2 O)/molécule d'azote (N 2 ) jouent un rôle important dans la gestion de la qualité de l'eau. L'objectif de cet article est d'explorer le rôle des enzymes extracellulaires dans le cycle de l'azote (N) des écosystèmes aquatiques. Il apparaît que l'azote dans les estuaires, les marais salants, etc., ne reste pas assez longtemps pour être biodisponible, créant ainsi des conditions limitantes en azote. Cette étude montre que la nitrate réductase extracellulaire indigène avec d'autres enzymes impliquées dans les transformations de l'azote dans les sédiments et les eaux de systèmes estuariens peut causer une disparition de NH 4 + et NO 3 -des eaux et du NH 4 + et du NO 3 -des sédiments. Les résultats indiquent qu'en raison des activités extracellulaires en nitrate réductase et autres enzymes associées aux transformations de l'azote, une quantité importante de NH 4 + et NO 3 -peut rapidement quitter les systèmes sous forme de N 2 O et/ou d'oxyde nitrique (NO),

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Effects of pH and plant source on lignocellulose biodegradation rates in two wetland ecosystems, the Okefenokee Swamp and a Georgia salt marsh1,2,3

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

Decomposition in salt marsh ecosystems: phenolic dynamics during decay of litter of Spartina alterniflora

Decomposition in salt marsh ecosystems: phenolic dynamics during decay of litter of Spartina alterniflora

Anaerobic Metabolism: Linkages to Trace Gases and Aerobic Processes

A preliminary study on estimating extra-cellular nitrate reductase activities in estuarine systems

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