Effects of phosphate loading on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and maximal oxygen uptake

Cade, Robert; Conte, Michael; Zauner, Christian W.; Mars, Donald R.; Peterson, John C.; Lunne, D; Hommen, Norman; Packer, David

doi:10.1249/00005768-198406000-00011

Cited by 56 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…An early study on phosphate loading examined highly trained runners who took 1 g sodium phosphate four times daily for 6 days. The phosphate salts increased the concentration of 2,3-DPG in RBCs by 6.6 %, which subsequently resulted in an increase in VO 2max [ 69 ]. This study also reported decreased production of lactate and reduced sensation of physiological stress.…”

Section: Phosphatessupporting

confidence: 63%

Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes

Earnest

Rasmussen

2015

Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise

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Endurance athletes often seek nutritional strategies inclusive of dietary supplements to maximize their performance. Effective supplement routines, however, are only benefi cial when built on a sound training diet, training regimen, and an appreciation of dietary needs relative to their training schema. While traditional dietary interventions are based on the glycemic index of carbohydrate, coupled with the addition of protein quality and quantity, recent innovations have introduced the potential utility of long chain glucose polymers and dietary nitrates, such as beetroot juice. Consideration is also given to the utility of supplement strategies aimed at attenuating immune responses accompanying training and competition. A key to implementing successful supplementation routines is the appreciation that athletes should be considered on an individual basis and training volume and intensity must be taken into account.

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Section: Phosphatessupporting

confidence: 63%

Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes

Earnest

Rasmussen

2015

Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise

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“…Most of the recent papers dealing with sodium phosphate salts are based on the results of Cade et al (1984) which showed a significant effect (p<0.05) of this supplement on the erythrocyte concentration of 2,3-DPG (13,00 vs. 13,92 mg/g Hb). Additionally the supplement caused a 6-12% increase in VO2max.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature provides both types of data, supporting and not supporting the ergogenic benefits of these supplements. (Cade et al 1984, Kreider 1992, Tremblay et al 1996, Brennan et al 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on VO_2max, Serum 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Level and Heart Rate in Off-road Cyclists

Czuba¹,

Zając²,

Poprzęcki

et al. 2008

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…Cade et al (16) suggest caution in the use of phosphate supplements because increased plasma phosphate stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion and excretion of phosphate in the urine. Parathyroid hormone secretion will also stimulate bone resorption.…”

Section: Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes

Haymes

1991

International Journal of Sport Nutrition

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Vitamin and mineral supplements are frequently used by competitive and recreational athletes. Dietary deficiencies of most vitamins are not very common among athletes except in those who restrict their food intake in order to maintain body weight. Vitamins most likely to be deficient in the diet are folate, B,, B,,, and E. Biochemical evidence of vitamin deficiencies in some athletes have been reported for thiamine, riboflavin, and B,. When the diet is deficient, vitamin supplements may improve performance but are not likely to be effective if the dietary intake is adequate. Some female athletes' diets are low in calcium, iron, and zinc. Low calcium intake may reduce peak bone mass in young women. Iron deficiency may impair performance and needs to be corrected with an iron supplement. Zinc supplements that exceed the RDA interfere with the absorption of copper and lower HDLcholesterol.The use of vitamin and mineral supplements by athletes is widespread, especially in the United States. According to recent surveys of supplement use among athletes, more than 50% of elite women distance runners, nonelite women marathon runners and triathletes, and Ironman triathletes of both sexes consume vitamin and mineral supplements regularly (22,32,76,109,164). Thirty percent of nonelite men competing in marathons and triathlons report daily use of vitamin and mineral supplements (109, 164). Use of vitamin supplements is also prevalent among high school and college athletes-56% of males and 33% of females (1 18 In competitive events where the difference between winning and losing is measured in seconds or even a fraction of a second, poor nutrition could have a negative effect. Many athletes take vitamin and mineral supplements to ensure adequate nutrient intake. Other athletes believe that certain vitamins or minerals have ergogenic properties that will improve performance. In this review we will examine whether athletes need additional vitamins and minerals. There are three primary reasons why supplementing the diet with specific vitamins and/or minerals might be beneficial to athletes: (a) The athlete's diet is deficient in one or Emily M. Haymes is with the

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Effects of phosphate loading on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and maximal oxygen uptake

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes

Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes

The Influence of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on VO_2max, Serum 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Level and Heart Rate in Off-road Cyclists

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes

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Effects of phosphate loading on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and maximal oxygen uptake

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes

Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes

The Influence of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on VO2max, Serum 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Level and Heart Rate in Off-road Cyclists

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The Influence of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on VO_2max, Serum 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Level and Heart Rate in Off-road Cyclists