Effects of physical activity on initial level and response magnitude: An experimental study of the LIV

Goldwater, Bram C.

doi:10.1016/0301-0511(78)90045-5

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The ''law of initial value'' is an empirical principle in biology, and asserts that ''the higher the initial value of a physiological process, the smaller is the response to function-raising'' (Furedy and Scher 1988;Goldwater 1978;Tromp 1964). Because different levels in resting T re and extremity temperatures between two ethnic groups are a central feature of the present study, Wilder's law merits considerable attention.…”

Section: Wilder's Law Of Initial Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in thermoregulatory responses during resting, passive and active heating: application of Werner’s adaptation model

et al. 2011

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For the coherent understanding of heat acclimatization in tropical natives, we compared ethnic differences between tropical and temperate natives during resting, passive and active heating conditions. Experimental protocols included: (1) a resting condition (an air temperature of 28°C with 50% RH), (2) a passive heating condition (28°C with 50% RH; leg immersion in a hot tub at a water temperature of 42°C), and (3) an active heating condition (32°C with 70% RH; a bicycle exercise). Morphologically and physically matched tropical natives (ten Malaysian males, MY) and temperate natives (ten Japanese males, JP) participated in all three trials. The results saw that: tropical natives had a higher resting rectal temperature and lower hand and foot temperatures at rest, smaller rise of rectal temperature and greater temperature rise in bodily extremities, and a lower sensation of thirst during passive and active heating than the matched temperate natives. It is suggested that tropical natives' homeostasis during heating is effectively controlled with the improved stability in internal body temperature and the increased capability of vascular circulation in extremities, with a lower thirst sensation. The enhanced stability of internal body temperature and the extended thermoregulatory capability of vascular circulation in the extremities of tropical natives can be interpreted as an interactive change to accomplish a thermal dynamic equilibrium in hot environments. These heat adaptive traits were explained by Wilder's law of initial value and Werner's process and controller adaptation model.

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Section: Wilder's Law Of Initial Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in thermoregulatory responses during resting, passive and active heating: application of Werner’s adaptation model

et al. 2011

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“…Another factor in LIV is the trend of change. Although Wilder (1967) 1963) or on different initial levels (e.g., experimental manipulation of initial levels; see Goldwater, 1978) has been rare. Even the concept of function-raising is often replaced by activation (cf.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Wilder (1967) mentioned two trends of change–function-raising and function-depressing—most previous LIV research concentrated solely on function-raising issues. Research either on function-depressing (e.g., pacification; see Oken & Heath, 1963) or on different initial levels (e.g., experimental manipulation of initial levels; see Goldwater, 1978) has been rare. Even the concept of function-raising is often replaced by activation (cf.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a reconceptualization of the law of initial value.

Jin

1992

Psychological Bulletin

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The traditional model of the law of initial value (LIV), "the higher the initial value, the smaller the response to function-raising, the larger the response to function-depressing stimuli" (Wilder, 1967, p. viii), is critically reviewed. Statistically, the usage of rDX, bDX, and bYX as the indices of LIV contains a spurious X(Y-X) effect. Moreover, defining initial value as a synonym of baseline is too narrow to cover an organism's various states. The parameter of structural relationship beta e value and a null hypothesis test (beta e = 1) are recommended to examine initial-value dependency for different levels of initial value and trends of change. Data suggest that LIV should be revised as follows: The higher the initial value, the greater the organism's following reactivity, although a tendency to reversed responses may occur when the initial value reaches its upper extremity. Both phenomena are probably due to constitutional and homeostatic mechanisms, respectively.

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Blood pressure reactivity: Pitfalls in methodology

Cumes-Rayner

Price

1988

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Effects of physical activity on initial level and response magnitude: An experimental study of the LIV

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Ethnic differences in thermoregulatory responses during resting, passive and active heating: application of Werner’s adaptation model

Ethnic differences in thermoregulatory responses during resting, passive and active heating: application of Werner’s adaptation model

Toward a reconceptualization of the law of initial value.

Blood pressure reactivity: Pitfalls in methodology

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