Effects of Physical Exercise on Neuroplasticity and Brain Function: A Systematic Review in Human and Animal Studies

Fernandes, Matheus Santos de Sousa; Ordônio, Tayrine Figueira; Santos, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema; Santos, Lucas Eduardo Rodrigues; Calazans, Camila Tenório; Gomes, Dayane Aparecida; Santos, Tony Meireles

doi:10.1155/2020/8856621

Cited by 69 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The length of the pre-domain may be able to affect the experiences (physical exercise, cognitive training, etc.) are able to modulate BDNF expression, in human studies, evidence is controversial [77][78][79][80].…”

Section: Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Enrichment Effects on the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Healthy Condition, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cutuli

Landolfo

Petrosini

et al. 2022

JAD

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein belonging to the neurotrophin family, is known to be heavily involved in synaptic plasticity processes that support brain development, post-lesion regeneration, and cognitive performances, such as learning and memory. Evidence indicates that BDNF expression can be epigenetically regulated by environmental stimuli and thus can mediate the experience-dependent brain plasticity. Environmental enrichment (EE), an experimental paradigm based on the exposure to complex stimulations, constitutes an efficient means to investigate the effects of high-level experience on behavior, cognitive processes, and neurobiological correlates, as the BDNF expression. In fact, BDNF exerts a key role in mediating and promoting EE-induced plastic changes and functional improvements in healthy and pathological conditions. This review is specifically aimed at providing an updated framework of the available evidence on the EE effects on brain and serum BDNF levels, by taking into account both changes in protein expression and regulation of gene expression. A further purpose of the present review is analyzing the potential of BDNF regulation in coping with neurodegenerative processes characterizing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), given BDNF expression alterations are described in AD patients. Moreover, attention is also paid to EE effects on BDNF expression in other neurodegenerative disease. To investigate such a topic, evidence provided by experimental studies is considered. A deeper understanding of environmental ability in modulating BDNF expression in the brain may be fundamental in designing more tuned and effective applications of complex environmental stimulations as managing approaches to AD.

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Section: Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Enrichment Effects on the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Healthy Condition, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cutuli

Landolfo

Petrosini

et al. 2022

JAD

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“…Interventions that are targeted at the risk groups and use a multifactorial approach could lead to effective prevention of PN in future. Such a multifactorial prevention approach should therefore address social conditions, and educate on substance use as well as on healthy behaviors to increase cognitive performance—such as nutrition, physical activity, and mindfulness 56 , 71 – 73 —and how to adopt these behaviors as habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential risk groups and psychological, psychosocial, and health behavioral predictors of pharmacological neuroenhancement among university students in Germany

Heller

Tibubos

Hoff

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Aiming to develop and implement intervention strategies targeting pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN) among university students more specifically, we (1) assessed the prevalence of PN among German university students, (2) identified potential sociodemographic and study-related risk groups, and (3) investigated sociodemographic, psychological, study-related psychosocial, general psychosocial and health behavior related factors predicting the 12-month prevalence of PN. Therefore, a cross-sectional online survey was administered to students of the University of Mainz, Germany. A binary logistic regression with stepwise inclusion of the five variable groups was performed to predict PN. A total number of 4351 students out of 31,213 registered students (13.9%) participated in the survey, of which N = 3984 answered the question concerning PN. Of these, 10.4% had used one substance for PN at least once in the past 12 months. The regression analysis revealed 13 variables that were significantly related to the 12-month prevalence of PN. Specifically, the group of health behavior related variables showed the strongest relationship with PN. Therefore, an approach to the prevention of PN should be multifactorial so that it addresses social conditions, as well as education on substance use and healthy behaviors in terms of non-pharmacological strategies as alternatives of PN.

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“…Physical exercise regulates numerous supporting systems of neuroplasticity, including neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, cerebral metabolism and angiogenesis [ 23 ]. Various forms of exercise may be beneficial for neuroplasticity and applied especially for those suffering from cerebrovascular injuries and neurodegenerative disorders [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Physical Exercise Enhances Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroplastic Effect of Exercise Through Astrocytes Activation and Cellular Crosstalk

Li¹,

Xu²,

Yun³

et al. 2021

Aging and disease

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Physical exercise is an effective therapy for neurorehabilitation. Exercise has been shown to induce remodeling and proliferation of astrocyte. Astrocytes potentially affect the recruitment and function of neurons; they could intensify responses of neurons and bring more neurons for the process of neuroplasticity. Interactions between astrocytes, microglia and neurons modulate neuroplasticity and, subsequently, neural circuit function. These cellular interactions promote the number and function of synapses, neurogenesis, and cerebrovascular remodeling. However, the roles and crosstalk of astrocytes with neurons and microglia and any subsequent neuroplastic effects have not been studied extensively in exercise-induced settings. This article discusses the impact of physical exercise on astrocyte proliferation and highlights the interplay between astrocytes, microglia and neurons. The crosstalk between these cells may enhance neuroplasticity, leading to the neuroplastic effects of exercise.

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Effects of Physical Exercise on Neuroplasticity and Brain Function: A Systematic Review in Human and Animal Studies

Cited by 69 publications

References 67 publications

Environmental Enrichment Effects on the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Healthy Condition, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders

Environmental Enrichment Effects on the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Healthy Condition, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders

Potential risk groups and psychological, psychosocial, and health behavioral predictors of pharmacological neuroenhancement among university students in Germany

Neuroplastic Effect of Exercise Through Astrocytes Activation and Cellular Crosstalk

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