Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior.

Heatherton, Todd F.; Herman, C. Peter; Polivy, Janet

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.138

Cited by 317 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…high self-esteem dieters ate at an intermediate level and were unaffected by the preload manipulation (Polivy, et al, 1988). Similarly, low self-esteem dieters are likely to over eat when their self-esteem is threatened, whereas high self-esteem dieters are less affected by such egehreats (Heatherton, Herman, & Polivy, 1991). In these instances, the low self-esteem dieter shows extremely poor self-regulation.…”

Section: Dieting Self-regulation and Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 97%

Self-Esteem, Self-Prediction, and Living up to Commitments

Heatherton

Ambady

1993

Self-Esteem

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Section: Dieting Self-regulation and Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 97%

Self-Esteem, Self-Prediction, and Living up to Commitments

Heatherton

Ambady

1993

Self-Esteem

Self Cite

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“…Physical threats that would produce physical discomfort, decrease eating in restrained adults, whereas ego-related stressors such as task failure and anticipation of giving a speech increase eating in restrained eaters (6,15). As demonstrated by several groups (6,16), interpersonal stressors may be especially powerful for increasing eating in restrained eaters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Restraint and Stress‐Induced Snacking in Youth

2002

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ROEMMICH, JAMES N., SUZANNE M. WRIGHT, AND LEONARD H. EPSTEIN. Dietary restraint and stressinduced snacking in youth. Obes Res. 2002;10:1120 -1126. Objective: To determine whether dietary restraint modifies stress-induced eating in youth. Research Methods and Procedures: Snacking was measured in boys (9.5 Ϯ 0.3 years) and girls (9.0 Ϯ 0.3 years), with and without dietary restraint, across a control day after reading children's magazines and/or coloring, and on a stress day after giving a videotaped speech, with order of conditions counterbalanced. Children were divided into four groups based on dietary restraint and changes in perceived stress: low-restraint/low-reactive (n ϭ 9), low-restraint/ high-reactive (n ϭ 13), high-restraint/low-reactive (n ϭ 10), and high-restraint/high-reactive (n ϭ 8). Body composition was estimated by skinfolds. Results: Energy intake of snack foods was influenced differently by dietary restraint and stress reactivity in the stress and control conditions (p Ͻ 0.01). After being stressed, low-restraint/low-reactive children ate fewer snacks and high-restraint/high-reactive children ate more snacks compared with the control condition. After covarying for percentage of body fat, the interactions remained (p Ͻ 0.01). Girls ate less than boys (p Ͻ 0.001), but sex did not influence eating in control and stress conditions. Discussion: Dietary restraint occurs in children and may influence the effect of stress on eating. Interpersonal stress decreases snacking in low dietary restrained youth but increases snacking in high dietary restrained children, perhaps because of stress-induced disinhibition.

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“…Task-induced depression 15,16 and fear [17][18][19] both increased food intake in restrained eaters while decreasing or not changing the eating of unrestrained participants. This methodology, in which highly palatable snack foods are presented during or immediately after mood induction, has great potential for exploring the antecedents of binge eating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative mood-induced overeating in obese binge eaters: an experimental study

2004

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OBJECTIVES:To test the hypotheses that induction of negative mood in obese binge eaters would increase food intake, and that this would be greatest in those who were highly restrained. DESIGN: Experimental manipulation of mood (neutral vs sad film) prior to the presentation of food in a taste test. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 40 obese female binge eaters (41.7 y, mean BMI ¼ 40.2 kg/m 2 ). MEASURES: Visual analogue assessment of mood and hunger motivation, dietary restraint (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire), and food intake. RESULTS: Exposure to the sad film resulted in a significant decrease in mood for both restrained and unrestrained participants. Those in the negative mood condition ate significantly more food, and the restrained eaters consumed the most. However, the expected restraint by mood interaction just failed to reach significance (P ¼ 0.06) CONCLUSIONS: The salience of negative mood in promoting overeating was confirmed. Conversely, dietary restraint had no significant impact on food intake. Further experimental work on binge eating in this group would be of value in clarifying the role of dieting and informing treatment approaches.

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Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior.

Cited by 317 publications

References 32 publications

Self-Esteem, Self-Prediction, and Living up to Commitments

Self-Esteem, Self-Prediction, and Living up to Commitments

Dietary Restraint and Stress‐Induced Snacking in Youth

Negative mood-induced overeating in obese binge eaters: an experimental study

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