Effects of pistachio by-products in replacement of alfalfa hay on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and milk fatty acid composition in Saanen dairy goats fed a diet containing fish oil

Abstract

(2014) Effects of pistachio by-products in replacement of alfalfa hay on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and milk fatty acid composition in Saanen dairy goats fed a diet containing fish oil, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 42:2,[186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pistachio by-products (PBP) in replacement of alfalfa hay (AH) on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and milk fatty acid composition in Saanen dairy goats fed a diet containing fish oil. For this purpose, 15 multiparous lactating Saanen goats (on day 25 postpartum, 38.159 1.2 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatment diets in a completely randomized design with five goats per treatment. The treatment consisted of feeding the following diets: (1) control (AH), (2) 30% PBP, and (3) 30% PBP 'polyethylene glycol (PEG, 1 g/Kg of dry matter [DM]). The experiment lasted 21 days, including 16 days of adaptation to the experimental diets followed by a five-day sampling period for determining milk yield and composition, dry matter intake (DMI), and blood metabolites. The results showed that DMI was affected (PB 0.05) by using PBP in the diets. The goats fed PBP had a lower (PB0.05) DMI than those in other treatments. No differences were observed in milk yield and composition among the dietary treatments. The goats fed PBP (with and without PEG) had higher (P B0.05) amounts of C16:0 and trans-C18:1 isomer in their milk fat than those fed AH. C24:0 was detected at higher (P B0.05) concentrations in goats fed AH than those in other treatments. Overall, different treatments had no significant effects on the concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in milk fat. Trans fatty acids (TFA) in milk fat exhibited higher (PB0.05) concentrations in PBP and PBP-PEG treatments than in AH. However, no differences were detected in the concentrations of short, medium, and long chain fatty acids among the treatments. No differences were observed in rumen pH among the treatments, while rumen ammonia-N concentrations were lower (P B0.01) in goats fed PBP than those in the other treatments. Treatments showed no differences with regard to blood metabolites (i.e., cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, and glucose). These findings indicate that the inclusion of PBP in replacement of AH in the diet of dairy Saanen goats have no adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites. Moreover, PBP is capable of modifying the fatty acid profile of milk in dairy goat.

Effects of electron irradiation, sodium hydroxide and poly ethylene glycol on the utilization of pistachio by-products by Zandi male lambs

“…Similarly, no effect of feeding PBP diets (30% of diets DM) on lambs performances were reported during the finishing period (Norouzian and Ghiasi, 2012). In contrast to our result, Ghaffari et al (2014) showed that substitution of PBP for alfalfa hay (30% of diets DM) decreased dry matter intake of Saanen dairy goats.…”

“…In the present study tannin reduction by treatments may reduce tannin-protein complex and consequently increase digestion of protein in the intestine of lambs. In contrast to these results, Ghaffari et al (2014) reported that replacement of PBP with and without PEG for alfalfa hay (30% of diets DM) had no effect on serum glucose, BUN, albumin, total protein, cholesterol and TG of Saanen goat.…”

The effects of dried pistachio (Pistachio veraL.) by-product addition on corn silage fermentation andin vitromethane production

“…In the study of Forough and Fazaeli (2005), CP, NDF, ADF and ME values were determined as 9.2-12.0%, 30-36%, 21-28% and 7.1-7.5 MJ/kg DM, which were consistent with obtained values of this study. Condensed tannin content of pistachio PB in the present study (2.62%) was similar to the values (2.07-2.63%) reported by Boga et al (2013), but it was higher than the value (1.81%) reported by Ghaffari et al (2014). These differences can vary depending on variety of pistachio, geographic conditions, soluble sugar content of pistachio and harvest time (Bohluli et al 2007).…”

Can Agro-Industrial By-Products Rich in Polyphenols be Advantageously Used in the Feeding and Nutrition of Dairy Small Ruminants?

“…Similarly, some forages (e.g., Vicia sativa L., Lotus corniculatus L., Hedysarum coronarium L., and Lotus pedunculatus) can also contain a high number of polyphenols that affect the performance and metabolism of animals [103][104][105][106]. Relationship between total phenol content of by-products naturally rich in polyphenols (BPRP) (expressed in g/kg DM) and dry matter intake (DMI, expressed in kg/d) in sheep (♦) and goats ( ) (goats: [40,93,94,107]; sheep: [16,17,90,91]).…”