Effects of Plantago major extracts and its chemical compounds on proliferation of cancer cells and cytokines production of lipopolysaccharide-activated THP-1 macrophages

Abstract

Background:Plantago major has been reported to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Moreover, which plant parts are more suitable as starting materials has not been explored.Objectives:To investigate the antiproliferative activity of P. major extracts against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLaS3, A549, and KB cancer cell lines as well as their effects on inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and interferon [IFN]-γ) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 macrophages.Materials and Methods:The methanol and aqueous extracts of P. major from different plant parts and its chemical compounds, i.e., ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), and aucubin were tested in this experiment.Results:Methanol and aqueous extracts of P. major seeds exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity. The methanol extracts of seeds also demonstrated the highest inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ production. Interestingly, the roots, which were commonly discarded, exhibited comparable activities to those of leaves and petioles. Furthermore, UA exhibited stronger activities than OA and aucubin.Conclusions:The seeds are being proposed as the main source for further development of anticancer and anti-inflammatory products, whereas the roots could be included in the preparation of P. major derived products with respect to anti-inflammatory.SUMMARY Amongst the parts of Plantago major, seeds exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLaS3, A549, and KB cell lines as well as the highest inhibition on TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ productionThe roots, which were commonly discarded, exhibited comparable antiproliferative and cytokines inhibition activities to those of leaves and petiolesUrsolic acid, a chemical compound of Plantago major, exhibited stronger activities than oleanolic acid and aucubinThe seeds are being proposed as the main source for further development of anticancer and anti inflammatory products, whereas the roots could be included in the preparation of Plantago major derived products with respect to anti inflammatory. Abbreviations used: TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor; IL: Interleukin; IFN: Interferon; HPTLC: High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography; UA: Ursolic Acid; OA: Oleanolic Acid; AUC: Aucubin.

Historical ethnobotanical review of medicinal plants used to treat children diseases in Romania (1860s–1970s)

“…In Romanian ethnopediatry, the plant leaves were considered to be beneficial against cough, oliguria, intestinal worms, trauma, and debility [75,86]. Modern studies provided some evidence for its wound healing [164,165], antibronchitis [166], anti-inflammatory [167,168], immunoenhancing [169], and antiparasitic potential [170]. On the contrary, one adult clinical study reported the lack of diuretic effect, which is claimed by various ethnomedical systems [171].…”

Synergism and Subadditivity of Verbascoside-Lignans and -Iridoids Binary Mixtures Isolated from Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. on NF-κB/AP-1 Inhibition Activity

“…However, these effects were not consistent with the collection site. Methanolic extracts obtained from wild C. tenuiflora plants of Parque Nacional Lagunas de Zempoala, containing verbascoside and aucubin [ 3 ], displayed cytotoxic activity [ 6 ], whereas extracts containing these compounds obtained from wild plants of Juchitepec did not show cytotoxic activity against the same cell lines [ 8 ], even if verbascoside and aucubin are cytotoxic by themselves [ 10 , 11 ]. Thus, it was hypothesized that pharmacological interactions could affect the pharmacological activity of C. tenuiflora .…”

Antioxidant Activity, HPTLC Fingerprint and Discriminant Analysis of Plantago major Leaves from Diverse Origins in Indonesia

“…Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) is a perennial herb that has contributed to the folk medicine all around the world, 1 including Indonesia with wide geographical distribution. 2 Diverse pharmacological effects have been demonstrated for P. major such as anti-inflammatory, [3][4][5][6][7] wound healing, 8 antiviral, 9,10 anticancer, 9,11 anticholinesterase, 12 and immunomodulator. 9,13 Additionally, this plant has been investigated for its antioxidant activity.…”